INS L3

 so good morning everyone so welcome to the third class and uh in this class probably

we'll be covering our backlogs and we'll be entering the extremist era sorry moderate era

and once we are done with the moderates we'll have to rush to the extremists and then

probably will have to welcome gandhi so always like will keep the

class interesting and entertaining but today in order to cover the backlogs

i need to cut other stuffs and focus only on the subject fine please bear with me for today and

tomorrow onwards the classes will be as usual fine uh this is a request on my side

and sorry for the inconvenience cost yesterday there was a like power cut for last

three to four hours yesterday therefore like there was a failure of the system and uh

that led to the inconvenience we regret it fine so we'll start

so yesterday like let us have a slight recap of things that we studied yesterday one thing is

like good morning and even today

please promise fine

if you want to meet gandhi you have to promise them so as we know

modern education and western thoughts role of press and literature expose of economic exploitation

understanding the true nature of british policies social religious reform movements

unification of the country in terms of social economic and administrative perspective and then

rediscovery of the past so with respect to the modern education and western thoughts

with respect to the modern education and western thoughts what was the intent of introducing the modern education in india one

to have a cheap supply of indians to do the clerical jobs

second one to act as interpreters are the mediators between the masses and the rulers

third one to create a class that is always loyal to the britishers who are indian in color

and blood but british in test and intellect but an untended unintended effect of this

particular policy change was there was a birth of

a class of educated indians who could differentiate between the conditions existing in the

indian and also in the western society even though we were ruled by the britain

they could see the changes in the systems so there they had

democracy equality liberty fine they had industries but in india

there was no democracy there was racial discrimination there was no liberties

and then in india the british policies had led to the de-industrialization

so the educated set of indians realized these differences and they started

mobilizing the masses to demand the britishers to grant them these things

fine and it also led to the rise of middle class intelligence as i told you

they are the urban middle class intelligentsia who are the first ones or who are the pioneers to get the english

education and they utilize the education to understand the contrasting differences between the

indian and the western situation by understanding the contrasting situation they started demanding the

british administrators to bring india in par with the western societies that was

their demands their early set of demands was introduction of democracy or providing us the representation to

practice equality to grant us the civil liberties to establish industries in india so that even indians can get the

job and india can also economically develop fine so this was their intent and i told you

numerous persons like dada bhai naroji rajaram mohan roy they were the early class of

educated indians and role of press what was the role of press the role of press was to

propagate the ideas fine it was to spread the ideas so these people

they had understood the differences between the indian and the western society now they need to spread

it to the larger masses larger audience whatever they have understood they need to tell it to other people how what was

the means it was through newspaper and through books they started explaining to the indian

masses regarding the prevailing conditions in india and what was needed fine and through newspapers they also

started mobilizing the popular opinion regarding the reforms fine they were politically educating the

masses they were educating the muslims about the prevailing situations in india they were educating the muscles about the exploitation

by the british authorities fine and literature have told you numerous books

poverty and unbeatable in india the economic history of india and write down two other books

nil darpan nil darpan

it is a book by deena bando mitra neela darpan

this book is regarding the indigo rebellion that happened in

1850s and early 1860s late 1850s and early 1860s nil darpan

it is a book written by deen bandu mitra right down in the margins this these are

things that are important for prelims deena bandu mitra

audio is quite low

indigo rebellion that happened in 1850s and 60s and write down about one more book

anand mutt anand mutt

anand

rebellion

and this year there was a question on a book called as

they share they share we will discuss more about it

during the swadeshi movement during the extremist phase okay i will explain you everything in

the extremist phase and i'll put up this question on the board and you will tell me the answer

don't look at the question as of now i want you to answer this question using the things

that i explained to you in the class fine so there are a lot of questions coming up in your psc

which are not i mean which are not directly from the book it needs application of your knowledge

fine this is one such question i'll help you to solve it don't worry okay and

regarding expose of economic exploitation so we got to know what was the

contribution of india's to world gdp in the year 1700 and what was it in the

year 1950 fine so it had actually decreased

it had actually decreased it was almost point four percent or twenty five percent

in seventeen hundred and it decreased to just four percent in

nineteen fifty why this happened because in 1700

india was the net exporter of goods goods as in the form of spices

tea cotton cotton goods silk all these were the primary

items of our export through this we were getting like lot of revenue inflow fine we had

positive i mean we had trade surplus fine our exports were more than our

imports and india was one of the richest country in the world and we were dominating the world trade like we alone accounted for

25 of the global gdp that was the kind of domination we had on the world trade but gradually

this decreased to just four percent why it was due to the de-industrialization

our domestic industries were destroyed by the britishers because they transformed india into a subservient trading partner

they used to export the raw material from us and import the finished goods leading to

the closure of our domestic cottage industries the artisans and handicrafts who lost

the job they entered the agriculture however agriculture was already less productive because of lack of

irrigation lack of advanced uh farming methods and there was overcrowding of

agriculture because a lot of soldiers belong to different indian kings they were disbanded and the soldiers who lost the job they

entered agriculture artisans who lost the job they entered agriculture agriculture was overcrowded

and this problem is bothering the indian economy even today okay

so our early nationalists they clearly expose the sort of economic exploitation

that was imposed i mean done by the britishers through various means

fine one was through land revenue policies second one was through export import policies third one was through

wars numerous wars they waste fine to expand their empire at the cost of indian taxpayers money fine indo afghan

wars indo burmese wars all these wars were fought on the indians money and finally as we discussed the salaries

of the british soldiers the salaries of the british officials were paid by the indian taxpayers money all their

expenses were made through indian taxpayers money okay so all this led to the severe

economic exploitation it was clearly highlighted in the theory of drain of wealth

okay theory of drain of wealth so which book talked about theory of drain of wealth

data by narrow this poverty and british school in india this was the book which gave something called as the theory of

drain of wealth fine how indian wealth drained towards england slowly we were

very rich but within 250 years we were impoverished so what happened to all our

wealth it was slowly drained towards british systematically in a very systematic manner

fine and then understanding the true nature of the british policies so the early educated

indians many of them that expectation that britishers the british rule in india is a sort of

boon to indians because in the books what they had studied was

the western society is one of the rational and the most developed society

fine rational scientific and the most developed society and they had heard about the colonies of the british like

canada australia and they are heard about the wealth or riches of england itself

so now they were excited that british are ruling india so they thought

they would introduce a similar type of development they would introduce similar type of reforms in india also

fine in britain we have democracy they thought fine in india also they will introduce democracy

fine there was equality there was liberty there was industries they thought british would introduce all these things

in india and would help indians prosper in every aspect of life but this did not happen

and at the i mean and what they realized was the exact opposite things were happening

the british rule in india was leading to de-industrialization our artisans our craftsmen they were losing the jobs

fine our industries were closing down because they could not compete with the cheap machine made goods of the british

industries fine and our farmers they were being exploited in two ways one they did not

get good returns for the crops which they cultivated second thing they had to pay high amount

of land revenues and this british administration introduced lot of intermediaries in the form of

zamindars taluk dars money lenders etc all of them are exploiting our indian farmers fine

apart from this there were certain events that happened in the

1870s that strengthened our understanding that strengthened our conviction

regarding the british rule that is british doesn't care about the development of india

in any manner all they mean is about exploiting india and its resources

fine their intentions were clearly exposed to us in the decade of 1870.

what were the things that signified us i mean which indicated to us one is

ilbert will controversy when the

ilbert a law member in the republicans vice versa executive council he sought to

introduce judicial equality and he wanted to remove the

racial bias in the judiciary by allowing indian judges to adjudicate

the cases involving the europeans now the bill was taken back

and ilbert was forced to resign fine so not only britishers but the entire

european community came together and protested against this particular bill so this showcase to us the importance of

unity fine despite the rivalries back at home despite their trade conflicts

in the matter of race they all came together and fought together so this was a sort of lesson to

us this showed us that we need to overcome our differences in order to put a united front against a common enemy

fine and then when the indian newspapers especially the vernacular newspaper started criticizing the misrule of the

britishers like waging the afghan war when the people of bengal

are dying out of starvation during the royal bengal feminine of 1870s

fine waging the war at the cost of indians and then royal dharbar of 1878.

so when indians were dying out of starvation they were conducting dharbar of their queen lavishly they were spending millions on it

fine so all these things they clearly exposed to us the misrule of the britishers the

expectation we had towards the britishers and the reality was totally contrasting fine it was totally opposite many

indians they realized it some indians they did not but many indians they realized this they were looking for an

opportunity to preach nationalism politically educate the masses and

launch a struggle against the britishers they were waiting for the opportunity but this contributed to the rise of

nationalism they understood the exploitative nature of the british school in india this was clear to them

okay and then social religious reformers as we discussed

indian society was riddled with numerous issues like social evil superstitions

inequalities etc so in order to bring the masses together the first thing needed was to educate them so that with

the help of the education with the help of the modern education they receive they will be able to discard the social evils irrational practices like

untouchability fine discrimination against women they have no religious sanction also but

still it was practiced so with the help of the modern education the reformers thought education will

clearly help them identify the social levels and they will understand the importance of

equality fine the important thing was one was regarding the gender

discrimination another was regarding the caste discrimination this was two of their

main intent gender and caste okay so

they wanted to bring the indian masses together they wanted to remove the dividing lines

see imagine what is the proportion of

male to female in the indian society

fine if you if at all if at all you keep them completely away

from the freedom moment do you think freedom moment would be successful it is like a bird flying with just one

wing imagine the bird flying with just one wing is it possible to fly higher

no so without women the freedom movement would not have been much effective

so who brought the movement to freedom moment it was the literacy they could understand the

situation of the country so that they could enthusiastically take part in the freedom movement along with their male

counterparts okay who took the first step forward to provide education to the women in india

there were a lot of reformers fine jyoti ishwar chandra vidya sagar

ramakrishna mission diana and anglo vernacular schools all of them played a prominent role in increasing the

literacy among women and also among the downtrodden sections of the society okay

disturbance in voice and video i don't agree with it yeah savitri by pulley true

so some people are linking it to the

current events like even today the nation is reeling under the effect

of corona people are losing jobs the incidences of poverty are

increasing economy is slowing down

fine but still government is focusing on building new parliament new temples

to an extent it is true but new parliament is very much needed because

the strength combined strength of the parliament as of now

we need to increase the strength why

day limitation is pending and if the number of seats in the parliament

is increased as per the population probably we might have 1200 mps

1200 mps in both like accounting for both lok sabha and rajya sabha it is very much under consideration increasing

the number of seats in the parliament so you cannot make the mps

stand on a corner and take part in the session there are our representatives so

that is the reason the parliament was much needed

parliament was much needed but i don't think it is the same case with other things fine i don't like to

elaborate further on those things fine delimitation exercise yes

if it is happening in 2024 means you need to be ready before that fine

so we were discussing about

social religious reformers they helped the masses come together imagine for example

if gandhi visits your village if gandhi visits your village in

1920 imagine there was no socialist reformers

fine there were no reformers and there was no reform movements in india till then gandhi visits your village and gandhi

gives all the villages a very good speech regarding the nationalism national

struggle why we should wage a war against the i mean why we should fight against the british rule the injustice they made it out to

indians gandhi will clearly explain it to you he will request all of you to join your hands

with him fine you will tell okay

imagine there are two persons in the village one belongs to the upper cast and one belongs to the untouchable cast

fine and if the untouchable even he is willing to join gandhi in his march

do you think the other people in the village will also walk along with gandhi

if the sense of untouchability had prevailed do you think if untouchable if he decides to walk

along with gandhi do you think other people of the village will also walk along the gandhi

no that will not happen because he is an untouchable and if in case

gandhi greets him gandhi huks him what will happen then

the people of belonging to the upper cash will not touch gandhi only

fine see you should thank the socialist reformers

because they played a greater role in alienating the sense of caste from the minds of the rural masses

fine even today even today 66 of the indians live in

rural areas only 33 lives in the urban areas fine

without the participation of the rural masses do you think our freedom movement would have been successful

now it is 66 33 66 percent of people in rural areas only 33 in urban areas

imagine the quantum back then 1920s it was like more than

1919 so without participation of the rural massachusetts do you think the freedom movement would have been successful

and who helped the rural masses to get educated social is reformers

and who helped the removal of the carsons it was the social religious reformers

okay they brought us the i mean they brought the sense of unity to our masses

fine they gave us literacy they helped us differentiate between good and evil

fine they played a prominent role in erasing the lines of caste

fine so they played a prominent role and then

unification of the country in terms of did we discuss this

did we discuss this unification of the country okay

does the volume of the increase moreover

so unification in terms of political administrative and economic aspects see

india during the 18th century

we witnessed lot of wars starting from carnatic wars witnessed a lot of them carnatic wars

battle of bhaksar battle of plassy anglo mysore anglo maratha wars battle of vandy bush battle of chinsura

third battle of panipath fine witnessed lot of wars in the 18th century

because of all these wars who will suffer the most

common man one indian soldier was just a peasant in

uniform indian soldier was just a present in uniform

he had become a soldier just to take care of his family fine indian soldier was just a peasant

in uniform p-e-a-s-a-n-t he was just a farmer and

agriculturist but when time came he used to wield the sword just to take care of his family and to serve his master

okay so now if the breadwinner is lost what will happen to the family

poverty fine and in 18th century there were

numerous wars that was fought in india and due to this wars we had to suffer economically

socially and politically politically a foreign power came to india socially

lot of families they lost their bread winner now they were poor lot of indians they

lost their jobs fine and economically number of our exports

it started declining our economic activities they started declining because whenever there is war whenever

there is war the ruling power will impose more taxation on you there will be plundering

there will be plundering as i told you plundering is nothing but looty the winning army will just travel

through the villages or the cities they will loot whatever they want because they have just one

okay this leads to lot of economic costs but

but by the time the british has introduced the western education in 1820s 30s and

all the peace had prevailed 1820s and 30s the peace had prevailed

so many educated indians who had read about all these wars they thought

britishers british rule is responsible for the prevailing peace in india if there

were no britishers probably indians would still be fighting the war

fine and due to our due to ours

india was cut into numerous pieces numerous pieces

mysore i mean raj of mysore raja tiruvankur rajav trichi nawaba

we had more than 550 princely states so 550 princely states

imagine like fighting amongst themselves how many wars would have happened in india so many educated indians they assume

that the british fool is responsible for the prolonged phase of peace in india

for them britishers appear to be the peacemakers in india and it is true

to certain extent because in 19th century india we do not see many wars because britishers are already occupied

majority of india by the end of 18th century okay and now

there were not many wars and also and also as we told

india had more than 550 princely states plus

there were british provinces of madras of bombay of bengal of agra

there were british provinces and it was british rule which held

all these things together it was british rule which held all these things together

so british rule was like a steel frame holding the india together fine

so after after mauryas

after guptas and after mughals

india became united under a single rule was during the times of britishers

only in certain points of history we were united under single rule

the entire india was under a single rule only in certain parts of our history that was under the rule of mauryas

guptas mughals and now under britishers we were united again and it was

britishers who gave us a proper political administrative and judicial setup so

that india could stitch together fine we had the idea of india we had idea

that we all belong to the bharatakanda fine we had idea that our country is great

we were proud about our culture but this sort of unity was imposed by the

british sword fine nobody talked about wars nobody talked about seceding from india because

of the fear of the britishers imagine if the nizam of hyderabad if you want to withdraw from india

will he dare to because britishers are ruling india if he rises in rebellion he'll be crushed

and it was due to the fear of the british war many princes remained within india remained with the union of india

fine so we should thank britishers to certain extent for unifying india

but later they were the reason for the partition of the country itself fine

during the post post-independence part we will discuss all those things but as of now uh the political unification or the

economic unification or the administrative unification of india was brought through britishers fine and

as i told you the modern means of transportation and communication they were the prime agents of unifying the

country fine they brought different parts of country together okay

which book i can find this in just write down the class notes more than enough

you can find lot of books the favorite book of you guys

spectrum okay spectrum is nothing but the summary of

five books one is grover and mehta vd mahajan

two bipin chandras fine two bipin chandras

and the ncrt spectrum is nothing but summary of these five books

ok but if you read spectrum you will not get the essence of the subject it is just a collection of facts spectrum just

as the collection of facts you can use it for revision but not for your first reading

fine you will mention lot of keywords but you will not explain any he'll mention lot of facts but you don't

know why it came fine once you know the story you know the history

you just need to fill in the names and dates that's all so just try to understand the essence of the subject

and later you can fill in the details okay so just focus on the classes don't worry

about anything else as i told you the chapters i cover are the topics i cover in the class after you go home try to

read the corresponding ncrts corresponding chapters in the ncrts class 8 and class 12 look for these

topics and revise it again if i had left something if i had left out something

just make a note of those topics or those facts in your class notes and make sure that you have just one source at

the end of the day this will help you for revision in the last minute don't maintain multiple sources

fine in your class notes itself if i missed any facts just write it down in the margins

at the end of the day you should have just one source you don't know the importance of revision as of now but

the day before the examination if you see a pile of books you are right to revise

that itself is enough to kill your confidence fine that is the reason i have one book

per subject not more than that okay

history of modern india should be it from starting

i don't know what is the starting that you are referring to if it is starting of the classes yes

from first class onwards whatever we discussed they are all relevant to the subject okay now

so the last thing is what we discussed was rediscovery of the past

so the britishers they were telling us that

india was the most uncivilized society fine the indians were the

barbarians we used to kill another human being for the sake of the food we indians were the nomads they were the

snake charmers there was not even an ayotte of civilization in indians indians were never civilized this was

what britishers telling us fine so they were propagating this

and they were telling we had invested our own resources to civilize indians if indians are wearing clothes today it is

because of us we civilize them if indians are speaking today in some language it is because of us before we

coming they used to speak the nomadic language so they claimed every

good thing for themselves and they told indians were uncivilized and we are

trying to civilize them and we are utilizing our resources to civilize them and this was called as theory of white

man's burden theory of white man's burden white man spending his own resources to civilize

the other countries to develop the other countries fine so this was the theory propagated by the

britishers to a certain extent even we believed that to certain extent even the educated

indians believed that we thought probably we did not have a good culture or a good

past probably we might be uncivilized probably britishers had helped us to get civilized but later

when there was emergence of uh great scholars as i told you swami dayananda saraswati

so they showed us the greatness of our scriptures cultures literature etc and there was discovery of indus valley

civilization which was regarded as the one of the most scientific and advanced civilization in the ancient times

fine and then there were certain european scholars who told us about our greatness

we did not know about our greatness they told us india is one of the country

which is a world in itself and max muller was of the opinion that sanskrit is the mother of all languages

so it is like we were shown the greatness of our culture by a european by a

foreigner and max muller put forward on more theory he told even indians they belong

to the aryan race he gave the concept of indo-aryan race so british are still now they were

telling that you belong to an inferior race and they are discriminating against us but now

when the maximum are told even indians belong to arya and race we got self-respect

we belong to the same race there should not be any discrimination okay we got the self-respect and the

confidence through all these factors there was sort of rise in nationalism

fine there was a increase in the sense of nationalism in the minds of indians

i told you what is nationalism nationalism is nothing but an ideal

it is an idea it is about uniting for a cause

fine what was the cause exploitation of our country

fine it is about uniting for an idea it is about making sure that the country's resources are utilized for the

well-being of the countrymen fine it is about protecting the sovereignty of our nation so nationalism

slowly started creeping into our minds and it started growing because of these factors and there are two other factors

please write on there are two other factors

i hope you remember all these things

influence of influence of contemporary world events influence of

contemporary world events

influence of contemporary world events right on the first point

early nationalists early nationalists

early nationalist what did you

ok some comments

so i don't know whether i should answer it or not fine

inspired or inspired by the ideals of or inspired by the ideals of

american revolution american revolution

in bracket you can write no taxation without representation

no taxation without representation no taxation without representation

influence of contemporary world events

inspired by the ideals of american revolution in bracket no taxation without representation and

close the bracket and french revolution french revolution

in bracket liberty equality and fraternity liberty equality and fraternity

liberty equality

and fraternity

find right on the next point the nationalist movements the nationalist movements

in happening in greece

greece

kama italy italy

and ireland ireland

also influenced also influenced

the indian nationalists

next point many educated indians many educated indians

were attracted towards many educated indians were attracted

towards the ideals of these movements

the ideals of these movements for example

for example surendranat banerjee

surendranath banerjee

gave a series of lectures

gave a series of lectures on mazani

m a z a n i

on mazani and this

young italy movement young italy movement

and also and also lala las patrai

la la las patrai frequently referred to

frequently referred to

garibaldi garibaldi

and this hundred

carbonaries are mercenaries garibaldi and is hundred carbonaries are

mercenaries

carbonaries is force have you seen three hundred movie

similar to that garibaldi has android men army of 100 men

fine so there was a question in upsc

i think in 2017 or 18 it was regarding the person

who had written the biography of garibaldi etc who was he

so now i think you are able to answer it lalala

fine let's move on to the next topic that is the role of

political organizations we are discussed about more unsure plus

this and now we will move on to the role of political organization in increasing the sense of nationalism

fine right on the next topic role of political organizations and this is a

very important topic because in prelims what i can see is

there is going to be like till 2018 till 2018

there is to be one question on the newspaper and one question on the association which association or which political party was found by this leader

they used to give numerous options which association of which political party was found by which person they

used to give numerous options it was either in the form of maths the following or they used to give numerous statements

but after 2018 including 2018 paper the trend has changed

fine earlier there used to be two questions one on one i mean one you belonged on the i mean one was on the newspaper

another one was on the political associations and since 2018

including both these topics there is only one question the question can be either on the

newspaper or any book or either on the association

okay so we talked about five to six newspapers and during the course of a discussion we'll discuss about at least

another 10 to 15 more newspapers fine as of now we know about five to six

newspapers and three to four books right

do you know it or not so from now on

this is a topic which has potential to fetch you two marks at least two marks okay please listen very carefully and

actually there is not many things left to explain in this particular topic

they are sort of factual upc can ask you a factual question from this topic who found it who are the founders of this

association i will give the match the following type of question or they will give the statement

fine which of the following are correctly matched or wrongly matched they can ask you such type of questions

so pay attention and listen to this topic okay role of political organizations

right on the next topic role of political organizations

i think class was online for everyone and as far as i know only technical team

won't make such chorus sound we feel betrayed sir

see i derive my energy from the crowd so

and made all the staff of insights sit in the classroom and they are making the noise

and don't feel betrayed ok you can like ask sachin also what

sachin rohit all of them are here

its not violation of article 14 under certain extraordinary circumstances even

article 14 are violated ok fine

so lets move on to the next slide role of political organizations please write down

these organizations were led by role of political organizations these

organizations were led by

educated middle class

educated urban middle class intelligentsia

educated urban middle class intelligentsia

having the having the

secular interests

next point these organization these organizations

voice their support voiced their support voy ced

voice they support for

local and regional grievances local and regional grievances

for example for example

puna sarvajanic saba puna sarvajanic saba

supporting the cause of puna sarvogenic saba

supporting the cause of farmers in deccan

farmers in decan in the wake of

in the wake of deccan riots

supporting the farmers in deccan in bracket you can write maharashtra

region maharashtra region during deccan riots

which here

in bracket right on 1870s

ok kama bengali intelligentsia bengali

intelligentsia

the educated people from bengal that's all supporting

supporting the farmers of farmers of

papna

bengali intelligence here supporting the farmers of pobna so papana is in which state

bengal

bengali intelligencing the intelligentsia supporting the farmers of pabna

and puna sarvajani saba supporting the farmers of dhaka in bracket maharashtra

during the deccan riots i'll explain you what were i mean what

was both deccan riot papa agitation etc when we discuss about the peasant moments but as of now

just ah stay put with this we'll explain it further like we will discuss all these

things in detail in length but as of now

why you allowed only few to attend

i did not follow sachin

and rohit they are part of insights they can attend any class they want

be it any optional or any class

fine ok right on the next point

these organizations these organizations

demanded reforms

demanded reforms in education

demanded reforms in education bracket universalization of education

universalization of

education comma

demanded indianization of civil services demanded

indianization of civil services

kama legislative reforms

legislative reforms

fine so let's start with organizations

let's start with organizations i hope the sound is on now don't worry there was a minor technical glitch

in 1836 in 1836 write down

write down in this form only if possible okay in 1836

the last word which i told was regarding the legislative reforms that's all now write down the

organizations indianization of civil services and then

legislative reforms i'll tell you what registered reforms they demanded etc when we discuss the

moderates okay that is the reason leave it as it is now and you will you will

understand every bit of the legislative uh reforms they demanded when i discuss the

moderates okay these are the overlapping sections that is the reason i am keeping it for

the upcoming topics okay legislative reforms after legislative reforms i didn't tell

anything

please write down the first organization bangabasha sabha

bangabasha saba by the association of by the associates of

rajaram mohan roy by the associates of rajaram mohan roy

bangabasa sabha by the associates of rajaram mohan roy

next organization was 1843

there were two organizations one was like zamindar's association or landholder

society and there was one more organization called bengal british indian society

they both came together and formed something called as british indian association

please write this down entire thing bengal british india society less land holders society together they

formed something called as british indian association

bengal british india society land holder society

fine and then together they came together to form something called as

british indian association okay

write down put arrow downward arrow put a downward arrow

and write down demands write down their demands

first demand demanded

representation of indians representation of indians

representation of indians in their administration

fine representation of indians in their administration second one

indianization of civil services

indianization of civil services

fine the next thing

was that they demanded civil liberties

demanded civil liberties and

civil liberties more than enough

forgot one important detail it was founded by a person called as

william adam william adam he was the founder

associates of rajaram mohan both these societies came together to form british indian association

first point was that they demanded representations of indians in their administration second one indianization

of civil services third one civil liberties okay it was founded by william

adam next one 1866

1866 east india association was founded

at london east india association was founded at

london by dada by nauroji

was founded at london by dada by naoroji

ok

intent intent was to educate

the british masses was to educate the british masses

regarding the plight of

plight of indians and

increase the public pressure

increase the public pressure on the british government

public pressure on the british government to grant reforms for indians

to grant reforms for indians

fine next one 1867

1867 puna sarvajanik saba

where was it formed puna

name itself indicates

is also known as the father of the indian economics

you can write it in the margin mahadev govindrana also known as the father of the

indian economics father of the indian economics

and he was also the he was also the founder of

indian social conference indian

social conference father of indian economics

founder of indian social conference he was the advocate of he was the advocate of

advocate of establishing modern industries in india

establishing modern industries in india modern industries in india

as he believed as he believed that the

industries are the engines of the economic growth as he believed that the industries

are the engines of the economic growth he believed that the industries are the engines of the economic

growth

see this bhangaba shop sabah it was not founded by rajaram mohan rai there were many of his followers and

associates they came together and they formed it there is no one specific name regarding the

founders of the bangabasha sabha don't worry much about it upc will not ask such absurd question

okay it was formed by the associates of rajaram mohan roy that's all

and uh the intent of forming the puna serogenic saba right

down the intent of forming the funa serogenic saba to act as a bridge between

to act as a bridge between masses

and the government to act as a bridge between masses

and the government

fine why

i will explain what is indian social conference later fine when we discuss the social register

for moments i'll explain what is indian social conference in order to briefly tell you see

india national congress in the early years itself

they believed that they will stick themselves only for the political issues they will not talk

about the social issues so in order to discuss and deliberate

and debate on the social issues that is bothering indians mahadev govind rana started something

called as indian social conference fine indian national conference was i

mean they the leaders decided that they will stick only to the political issues

that is representation fundamental rights freedom these things they will not discuss much

about the social issues because social issues are dividing if you advocate for eradication of untouchability the upper class will be

alienated from the congress so that is the reason they did not want to discuss much about the social issues because

social issues are dividing in nature 100 years ago so that is the reason they wanted to

confine themselves to the political questions of the opinion that no we should also

discuss about the social issues so this person started something called

as indian social conference and the sessions of the indian social conference used to happen

in the same venue as that of the indian national congress

fine in 1893 if indian national congregation happened in lahore

even indian social confrontation also used to happen in lahore right after the inc session this session

used to happen okay this was to discuss about the social

issues that was concerning the indians fine we'll discuss this in detail during

the social religious reform moments as of now this details is more than enough for you

okay there was one question in prelims regarding this if you know this details whatever i told

you now you can answer one question easily okay so the main intent of the classes

is to provide your preparation and exam orientation because there are lot of details in history fine every page

initially is filled with names places and dates fine you should be able to differentiate

which part of this is essential for your examination and how you can use it in the examination that is the intent of

attending the classes or else you can read the history books at your home only

intent is to know the areas which are important for the examination and how you can use the fine tune or use the exam i mean class

knowledge in the examination and to get the correct answers okay so

can you please send these ppts see apart from five to six ppd's in any class

my ppt does not consist of any information let the mod rate start

and i am damn sure that nobody will ask for my ppt's fine ppts just have diagrams squares

triangles etcetera it does not earn even a single bit of information fine

these are the five to six ppds which consist some information if i want i can share this with you but still see

there are just keywords which needs explanation having the ppt is not enough

this does not help you in any way after three months or four months if you open this ppt's obviously not remember

anything that is the reason i am making you write simultaneously or else i have given the print out of my ppt like

it will save me some time which i spend in form of notes dictation fine the intent is to get you prepared

for the examination fine when i dictate the notes for the coming parts you will understand the

importance of writing the notes right don't always resort to

the shortcuts in examination you can just i mean you cannot just attach the ppt's there you have to write it by yourselves

fine so i know like some people are writing answers constantly and some people are not

so at least in the class you have an opportunity to write things utilize it okay

these ppds will not help you much what did you write near 1866

1866 nothing the flight of to the public i dictated that to you okay

so to act as a bridge between the masses and the ruled what is like acting as a bridge

it is like conveying the demands of the masses to the british administration and getting

them fulfilled so that they can help the masses fine at the same time if the britishers

if they had to tell something to the masses they will convey it to the masses that is like acting as a bridge because

masses do not know english fine they do not know the terms like democracy equality all these things they

cannot interpret the law fine for you like for most of you the quality

classes are over fine how many acts have you read

do you know the text of the rti right education act or write to information act and recently there were

many bills passed in the parliament have you read the text of this particular acts no

you don't know them fine why you can understand the terms right but

still you have not read it and even if you read i am damn sure you will not even understand even off of it

because there is a legal jargon that is used in those particular files

you derive your knowledge out of newspapers newspapers simplify your job like they

take the burden they read the bear act they identify the flaws in that and then they'll write it in the newspaper these

are the good things in the act these are the bad things in that you just read it and that is how you derive your

knowledge that is the role of newspaper similarly here puna sarvajani sabha it acted as

the bridge between the masses and the ruled fine whatever the administration used to

tell people cannot comprehend it easily because it will be in a different language and it will be in a different

context and people of india they are not matured enough to understand either the legal jargons or the english

so they thought it is their moral responsibility to act as a bridge between the masses and the ruled ok

the next thing right on 1875

1875 indian league establishment of indian league

by sister kumar gauche

shishir kumar gosh

where did we hear the name shirkumargos amrit bazar patrika

amrit bazar patrika

fine right on the next point intent to spread the nationalism

to spread the nationalism

all across india all across india and to motivate

the youth and to motivate the youth

to take part in the to take part in the nationalist activity

see you need not have to remember all the facts and all the dates whichever i explicitly spell it out in

the classroom you just remember that they are more than enough it is humanly impossible to remember all the dates and all the names and all the places i know

the limitations fine they are humanly impossible ok and

tell us how to read news read history through the newspapers it takes some time like

i have not actually started the syllabus itself these are just the introductory stuff i just wanted to finish them yesterday

but these two some issues the power issues it could

not happen that is the reason i am about to enter the subject fine and

only one intent in one linten point in 1867

one intent is more than enough if you saw that intent properly fine so

if you have multiple intents and if you don't achieve it that's of no use okay and

should we study your notes and ncrts every day it's better if you study because

it helps you ultimately revision is the only thing that will save you and how to read between chandra

okay between chandra start reading and you will go with the flow

as of now it's better if you go through ncid's of class 8 and class 12. you can keep the piping chandra towards

the later part of the classes fine i'll let you know the time from when you should start reading the women's and

rajasthan beeping chandra will look a book full of facts for you when you'll not be able to relate much of it that is

the reason as of now go with only class 8 and class 12 ncit's and whenever i complete a topic or a particular chapter

you just go to the ncrt look for those particular chapters or the topics cover them and as i told you if there is

anything extra that is not discussed in the class please write it down in the margins

fine and feel free to convey to me also no issues okay

and make sure the classes are comprehensive as much as possible but if there are some things missed out i'm glad to know like it'll help all of you

okay so that is how you update your notes and keep updated with the subject also

fine please repeat the last point

ncrt 12 vpn don't read between sandra now who started inc

why are you so obsessed with inc let me come like we are talking about 1836 and you're asking about 1885 all of a sudden

you want me to go chronologically or not please wait fine

so 1875 is done please right on 1876 indian association

indian

association started by surrendering banerjee

surendranath banerjee and anand mohan bose

anand mohan bose

with the intent of with the intent of intent

with the intent of unifying the masses

unifying the masses and spreading the political awareness with the intent of

unifying the masses and

spreading the political awareness

and write down one important point regarding this this was

the first major attempt towards this was the first major attempt

towards creating creating

all india platform all india platform or organization

this was the first major attempt towards creating all india platform or organization

1884 1884 madras majan sabha

madras mahajan sabha

where was it founded madras simple

1884 madras majan sabha founders

charlo

and then veera ragava charyar veera ragava charyar

veera ragava charir

ask a question regarding the british indian association british indian association have already asked a question about william adam he

was the founder and there was question about this particular organization in 2017

that given the fourth name they taught on the upsc told

madras mahajan sabha founder was gazulu lakshmi narasimha shetty

gazulu lakshmi narasimha city fine

and many people they thought they assumed probably he might also be the founder

and we they thought he there is a possibility that he can also be a founder of madras maja and

sabah probably we don't know fine and i can assure you that these three

are the only founders of madras maj and saba there is no fourth name fine

there is no fourth name the fourth name comes it is wrong

don't think about a possibility in the examination hall your preparation should end

by the time you reach the examination hall when you reach there don't explore the possibilities

you should be prepared by then okay these three are the only names

okay right on the next one 1885

bombay presidency association bombay presidency association

founded by

indian association by anan mohan bose and surendranath banerjee

bombay presidency association founded by firosha mehta

hiroshima

ji

was the first president of inc

umesh chandra banerjee umash chandra banerjee

second president of inc

who was the first indian muslim to be the president of inc

syed badrudin tayabji first indian muslim right down in the margins first president of inc um

chandra banerjee wo mesh umesh chandra banerjee

1886 it was [Music] 1886

1887 sayad badrudin tayabji first indian muslim to be the president of inc

1888 george yule first european to be the president of

inc 1888 george ewell

first european to be the president of inc

george ewell

okay

you will get to know whether they were all of them were mad rates or not wait for it sayat badudin chairji you

are done with this let's go to indian national congress

indian national congress finally the wait has ended we are able to see inc

indian national congress founded by

not only aou write down in the margins hebo

he was a famous

ornithologist he was a rated ics

and a famous ornithologist

he was a retired ics officer and a famous ornithologist

famous ornithologist what do you mean by ornithology

bird watching bird watching

i know a lot of you are very good experts at it

bird watching and evo was one of the very good famous bird watcher okay

and he was a ics officer and the second founder

right on dada by naroji dada by naroji

when somebody asked you that who is the founder of congress don't just tell aou and end it there

even indians have a major role to play regarding the establishment of

inc now roji and then

deensha edulji watcha d e watcha d e vacha

deensha edulji watcha

okay

inc founded in 1885 first session happened in bombay there were three founders one is

alan octavian hume was also a famous ornithologist bird watcher and also he

was a retired imperial civil servant and third person was deensha edulji watcha

ok the intent of establishing inc will discuss it in detail for time being spirit i mean limit

right on the national organization 1888

1888

foreign

okay in the last of the class please say what to reference

whatever we discuss in the class search for those topics in ncrt

when you find those topics in ncrt please read it

it will have just letters and words in english

okay there is nothing to explain with respect to you i told you he is an earth only

theologist and rated civil servant 1888 write down united patriotic association

united patriotic association

united patriotic association established by

established under the leadership of sir syed ahmed

of banaras

rajashu prasad of

alight movement founder of alleged moment

intent was aimed at

reforming the muslim society reforming and modernizing the muslim society

intent was aimed at reforming and modernizing the muslim society

by promoting the spread of by promoting the spread of spread of

modern education

ok so these are the main

political organizations which played a very important role in the spread of nationalism or in the rise

of nationalism and among these organizations why inc assumes most of

the importance

why inc assumes most of the importance

any idea and look at the names of the

organization

one bangabasha sabha limited to only bengal region

again this is limited to only bengal region fine

and it was originally founded to protect the interests of the zamindars land holder society who are the land holders

back then zamindas this organization was formed to protect the interests of zamindars not the common people and next

east india association it was founded in london not even in india puna sarojini saba limited to puna

indian league fine this was also majorly limited to bengal region even

though the name is indian shishir kumar ghosh was a leader from the bengal region amrit bazar patrika you know it

okay and then indian association this was the major attempt by an indian to form the all

india body again we can see two regional bodies puna sarojani saba was established back then 1867 now madras

mahajan sabha and bombay presidency association again limited to small areas

and this is only one among the three organizations which

which as the name indian at least okay

and and this organization indian association

who are trying to establish it two indians two indians they wanted to make it an all india

association which has presence in different parts of the country they wanted people from different parts of the

country to come to come together in a single platform and fight against the britishers

fine it was two indians were trying to establish it do you think britishers will allow

indians to launch an organization establish it branches in different parts

of the country allow the people to join the organization and launch a struggle

against the british itself britishers are not fools they will not allow such an attempt

fine ok now

indian association was under the leadership of two indians

but here this person evo hume

he took the lead he was a loyalist of the british government fine

he was the loyalist of the british government and in 1870s you have witnessed numerous events

numerous events which were against the britishers there was anti-british feeling rising in

india due to numerous events as i told you bengal famine royal darbar vernacular press act

afghan war indigo rebellion and deccan riots i told you numerous decrees

in the age of maximum age of civil servants

from 21 to 19 years all these things all these things had aroused a popular sentiment against

the british government people were now angry against the british government and numerous organizations were also formed

and during this particular time frame during this particular time frame many indians were angry against the

britishers even britishers they noticed this particular change because numerous organizations were getting established

and they started getting the support of the masses fine they started getting the support of

the masses so british has clearly identified that there is anti-british sentiment prevailing in

india find people are not liking the british administration

so if indians form an association if indians form an association

and all india association and if people are allowed to get enrolled to that association probably it

will be a very good very big problem to the britishers themselves because

indians will be the founders and indians will mobilize the public against the britishers it will be a very big threat

to the british intentions or british school in india fine so what if what if

a person who is loyal to the british establishes an organization

what if a person who is loyal to the british who had served the british empire for numerous years

established an organization that person was evo hume britishers allowed he volume to establish an

organization because they thought inc is going to be a safety wall

what is safety wall in the pressure cooker on the top of it you can see the safety wall if the pressure increases to a

greater extent that wall will open slowly and you will let out the pressure similarly if you take india as a cooker

if you take india as a cooker the pressure was very much increasing the anger of the masses against the

british rule was very much increasing this anger should be let out through some wall

or else the system will burst producers did not happen the india to burst with anger because it will be threat to their

own rule in india so they wanted someone to act as a safety wall what was that safety wall

inc fine britishers allowed aom to establish an

all india organization because they walked it they wanted inc to act as a safety wall what is safety wall

it is a piece of wall which will allow which will allow the system to vent out the pressure if

there is too much pressure in the system in the cooker cooker will burst fine there should be some mechanism to

let the pressure out fine it will keep the safe i mean it will cook the i mean it

will keep the cooker safely it will keep the cooker safely it will maintain the balance in the system so they wanted inc

to act as a safety wall so when

surrendering energy he was searching ahead in forming an all india association he had established indian

association and in 1883 in 1883 yargan is something called as national convention

he called the different leaders from different parts of country and he held a very big meeting in 1883 he called

leaders from different parts of country and he held a very big meeting in that meeting he spoke about

mazani young italy movement and he also told all of the indian leaders that it is a time for us to come together to

fight against the miserable of the britishes one british as well misruling indian second one he had an anger against the

britishers why he was removed from ics he had cleared all the stages

fine on a silly pretext he was removed from the civil services two anger was

there one misroll second one personal anger fine british could not use this talent

now he is using his talent to mobilize the masses against the britishers he could have been a very good administrator

fine so he was searching guide he had organized a national convention okay and in 1884

1884 1885 the organ is something called as national fund he wanted to mobilize the fund for the sake of establishing

branches of his association in different parts of country so that he could attract the masses to take part against the britishers

it was organized something called as national fund fine you have to collect the fund to

establish branches in different parts of country in order to and

you have to publicize about your organization in different parts of country so that people come together

join your organization and you can launch a struggle against the britishers

surrender banerjee and anand mohan bose they were taking the lead 1876 itself they had established indian association

1883 that organized national convention which was a success

fine many leaders had come from different parts of country now britishers were alarmed

they did not tolerate this because an indian is forming an association and is getting very good

response they could not tolerate this and again in 1885 when he organized the

national fund he got very good amount of funds so now britishers sense the danger they sense

the danger to their rule in india fine in order to sideline the efforts of surrendering energy they told dear

volume go ahead wanted to form something right go ahead and form it

so inc was formed as a safety wall this safety wall theory was put forward

by lalala patrai but but do you think indians are fools

especially gopal krishna clay firosha

they are not fools they they did not blindly believe in your voice

they did not blindly believe in a volume they were the moderate leaders they were the moderate leaders they did

not blindly believe in a volume they are their set of reasons to keep quiet and work under the congress at

least in the initial years okay i'll tell you all those reasons

i'll tell you all those reasons and before going to those reasons i want you to know the intent of establishing

the inc so let's take a break for 10 or 15 minutes and we can continue

the class till 2 ok so the class will end at 2.

i hope you are all with me

welcome back so i was discussing about the theory of

safety evolve and the lightning conductor

the class ended because i mean the break was prolonged because there was no availability of the

rechargeable battery so we have to get it and we have to restart so it took quite some time it was not

like me resting and all okay i was right here in the class and i don't like brakes

it will break my flow flow of thoughts fine to break the continuity when i

don't like breaks i like to take the class three are in a stretch

but since you people demand for it out of necessity i'll give the breaks that's all

ok so now

with chapters ncrts are the small books please go through ncrts and find the relevant

chapters ok

no audio audio is there

i am audible sachin

i am audible okay audio is there please check your

system okay so i was talking about starting

the chapter regarding the moderates so that was what i was telling before the break and uh

we will continue the class till we are done at least off of

the syllabus with regard to the moderates okay so

i was talking about two theories that is theory of safety wall lala believed that inc was established

as a safety wall to save the british rule okay to save the british rule

because the pressure was mounting in indian society against the britishers because of their misdeeds and

misadventures that happened in the decade of 1870 and 1880s okay the pressure was mounting indians

were getting more and more angry against the britishers so because of that in order to vent out

the pressure and in order to save the british rule in india they allowed ao hume to set up inc even though there was

attempt by the indian leaders like surendra banerjee fine the britishers

placed numerous hurdles in his path and made sure that aoyum succeeds at establishing the inc first

fine they bypassed the efforts of suryandanath banerjee ok

so inc washed inc was established

okay as a safety wall as per the lalalas patrai

but as i told you the early nationalists were not fools the early nationalists they were not fools

so even they understood the colonial designs

they knew that no indian britishers would not allow any indian to establish an all india organization the two

against the britishers itself they wanted to use aome as the lightning conductor what do

you mean by lightning conductor see

if lightning strikes you if lightning strikes any object obviously

it will be electrocuted the things would burn down to ash right

if lightning strikes any object it will burn down to ash when it will be destroyed

there is something called as lighting conductor that is used above the very big buildings

fine to make sure that the strike of lightning does not have any effect on it

this particular part is called as lightning conductor it will save the building or the establishment from the

effect of lightning it is like the early nationalist wanted to use

aouum as a shield they wanted to use aouum as a shield

against the british oppression inc was founded by yeo jung to act as a safety wall

early nationalist they thought they will use aom as a shield against the britishers

since it is established by aom britishers will have a faith in the activities of inc they will believe in

inc they will not suppress inc so the early nationalist was of the opinion that they can use inc as a

shield fine or an umbrella against the rainfall of the british anger that's all

okay this is nothing but they wanted to use inc as a lightning conductor aoum wanted

to use it as a safety wall to enter the pressure and to save the british rule whereas

indian nationalist early indian nationalist they wanted to use inc as a lightning conductor to escape from the

wrath of the british empire to escape from the anger of the britishers okay they would not allow any indian to

establish an organization fine a british order established it a person who is loyal to the british had

established it they wanted to use it as a forum for their anti-british activity

just like initially they disguised as the loyalist of the british empire because they had

certain limitations and there were certain set of reasons they had to act as a they had to act as a loyalist of the british empire

if you show to a british that you are a traitor that you are against them obviously britishers will not take more than a

second to crush you because they are the ones they are the most powerful ruling power in the entire world

they are the most powerful rulings okay they are ruling over the empire where the sun never sits

they were controlling more than three dozen countries such was the vastness of the british

empire it will not take more than like how many delegates did how many delegates attended the first

session of inc it was just 72. fine do you think britishers will take

lot time i mean much time to suppress just 72 delegates no it will not take them more than a minute

fine they were such a huge empire indians wanted to use inc as a lightning

conductor to protect themselves from the wrath of the british empire

fine so they have to make britishers believe that inc is good inc is not against

their british interests inc is not against britishers so initially the professed loyalty to the britishers just

to make britishers believe in them fine in order to earn the trust of the

british rulers they acted as if they are loyal to the britishers some of them were really loyal but some

of them acted as if they were loyal there are certain reasons there are certain limitations because it was the

national movement was in its early stage fine it was just like a small sprout

or a small plant it is it to get its root

fine it is just a small plant okay so it is just a sprouting time it is

very easy to crush the sprout so that is the reason they wanted to protect it

till it grows as a tree find they wanted to nationalism to grow as a tree it is just a sprouting time

for it they did not want the national movement to get crushed in its early stage so that is the reason they acted

as if they were loyal to the britishers they acted as if there was no threat to the british empire by the inc

there are certain limitations as i told you they did not get the mass base fine they did not have very good

following they did not have the mass support to a greater extent so there are certain limitations that is

the reason they acted within the limitations okay this is nothing but the theory of

safety wall and the lightning conductor there are two theories regarding the establishment of inc one is theory of

safety wall fine britishers thought so they can use inc as a safety wall against the anger of

the indians another one is theory of lightning conductor indian nationalist they thought they can use inc as a lightning

conductor to escape from the wrath of the british empire okay now it's time to proceed to the next

part please write down few things

a volume a volume

right on inc as i heading inc is aiding indian national congress as an adding

and below that right on aom was an enlightened imperialist

was an enlightened imperialist

he saw he saw

the widening gulf the whitening gulf comma

increase in dissatisfaction increase in dissatisfaction

you saw the whitening gulf you saw the whitening gulf comma

increase in dissatisfaction and anger against the

british rule increase in dissatisfaction and anger against the

british rule

between between rulers and the ruled between the rulers and the ruled

and at the same time fully stop and at the same time

at the same time surendranath banerjee

surendranath banerjee was searching ahead was surging

searching ahead to establish

establish a pan-india organization

establish a pan-india organization

and as a precursor to it and as a precursor to it

you had organized you had organized national conference

it organized national conference in bracket in eighteen eighty three

national conference in 1883 which received warm response

which received warm response warm

from leaders from leaders

all across the country

and in 1885 and in early 1885 and in early 1885

he went ahead he went ahead

and organized organized

collection of collection of national fund write it within double

quotes national fund national fund

to propel to propel

its efforts to propel his efforts

of creating an all india organization

to propel his efforts of creating an all india organization

fully stop since

surendranath banerjee since surendranath banerjee

was professing was professing

was professing the ideals of was professing

the ideals and teachings of the ideals and teachings of

mazani and garibaldi mazani and garibaldi

which were clearly which were clearly

in michael which were clearly in michael

to the interests of the british empire clearly in michael to the interest of

the british empire

clearly inimical to the interest of the british empire he was given

he was given he was given

permission he was given permission to go ahead

to go ahead and establish

and establish inc

inc as a safety wall inc

as a safety wall

through which through which they were successful

through which they were successful in bypassing

through which they were successful in bypassing

suryendranath banerjee surendranath banerjee

and his national conference suryandranath energy and its

national conference

next point

at the same time at the same time

enlighted enlightened indian nationalists enlightened

indian nationalists like

d

wanted to use wanted to use

inc and aou wanted to use

inc and ao hume

they wanted to use inc and aoung dada bhai naroji

deenshai dulji watcha sayyid badrudin tayagi wanted to use inc and aom as a

as a lightning conductor lightning conductor

against against the possible

wrath of empire against the possible

wrath of wr ath

wrath of empire

ok so next point

in early days in early days

inc inc

was organized

in a pro british organized in a

pro british manner

pro british manner it clearly depicted

and it clearly depicted its

anti-russian intentions anti-russian

intentions

so i will repeat everything left fastly so please note it on so at the time at the same time

enlightened indian nationalists like dada by now roji de wacha sb tayabji

wanted to use inc and aom as a

enlightening i mean lightning conductor lightning conductor against the possible

wrath of the empire okay so

they wanted to use it as a anti-russian body because russia was

planning to expand to india they had a very good they had very good

influence they had gained very good influence in the tibet region they had gained very good influence in the afghan region the next i mean

russians had gained very good influence in the afghanistan region and also in the tibet region and they had intentions

of spreading their empire to india also russians had an intention of spreading their empire to india also that is the

reason they started expanding their influence in the neighborhood of india fine they had come till afghanistan

that come till tibet so india like they are at the doorstep of india

so in order to promote anti-russian sentiments in india in order to promote

anti-russian sentiment in india they used inc as a tool to do so

they used inc as a tool to promote the anti-russian interests pan-indian organizations means all india

organization that's all pan-india means all india okay

see as i told

in europe there were rivalries between different countries yesterday i had told there were numerous

powers existing within the europe british france

fine there was austria like whose power got diminished after the german unification

but there was russia all three powers had set their eyes on

india fine french they were existent in india but after the battle of andy was they were

washed away british they are ruling india and britain is deriving its wealth out of

india britain was so powerful so rich its industries were very well established because of

india support only they used india as a both supplier of raw material and also

consumer of its finished goods fine they were drawing lot of the resources from exploiting india

so india was like a diamond in the crown of the british empire fine india was like a diamond in

the crown of the british empire so everybody had the rice set on india everybody wanted to snatch india away

from britain if india is snatched away gradually britain will weaken and at the same time

they can exploit india for their benefits so everybody's size was set on india fine though the britishers had exploited

us for 150 years still india was very rich in terms of resources all the

nations wanted to expand their empire in india russia was

not left alone even russia had heard about invention i mean it also had

harvard its intention to expand to india so now russians

they had come till afghan region fine and at the same time

they were increasing their influence in the tibet region

on both sides of india they were increasing their presence and influence

they clearly manifested that they want to rule over india but

they were in the early stages of the preparation later during the first phase of revolutionary moment there is something

called as gather movement while explaining other movement i will also explain you the

russian support which they sought to get during the revolution there was something there was something

called as gada revolution so this revolutionaries gather revolutionaries they wanted to get the support of

russians for like for organizing a revolutionary activity in india so

there is such event so while explaining that i will clearly explain you the russian role but here

understand that rashad had an intention of expanding to india so that is the reason they were in the doorsteps of

india so now british

wanted inc to promote the anti-russian sentiments

because it is established by a ics officer who was loyal to the britishers

if russia tries to enter india and if people support russia what will happen to the britishers britishers was just

two lucky number in india fine if russia tries to invade india

and indians also support russia probably britishers will not be able to rule over india that is the reason in order to

protect their own interest in order to promote the anti-russian sentiments among the masses

they used inc in the early days okay who set up inc it was a volume was

a british loyalist that is the reason they used inc as a tool to promote the anti-russian sentiment because rashad

had the intention of expanding to india fine i hope you understood by now

yes india was a golden goose ok

so now time to go ahead i think we spent a lot of time on this

ok please write down the aims of establishing inc

the aims of establishing inc

first one

molding india into a moulding india m-o-u-l d-i-n-g

molding india

into a

secular and a democratic nation

second one second one india was a diverse nation india was a

diverse nation

india was a diverse nation in terms of language culture

religion etc language

culture religion etc

therefore there was a need to unify indians

there was a need to unify indians on a common platform

fine third one to create a common platform on which

to create a common platform on which

people from people and leaders

people and leaders from all across the country from all across the country

from all across the country can come together can come together

and form an united front and form an united front

against the british form a united front against the british

last point educating

creating a common platform on which people and leaders from different parts of country could come together and form

a united front fine it is an all india body so people from different parts of

country people from tamil nadu and kerala and people from himachal and jammu kashmir at the same time people

from gujarat and also people from bengal can come together and fight against britishers together

from a common platform that is inc okay that was the intent of the third point

creating a common platform last point educating and mobilizing the masses

educating and mobilizing the masses

against the misrule of the britishers

educating and mobilizing the masses against the

misrule of the britishers and to seek

reforms and to seek reforms

by pressurizing the and to seek reforms

by pressurizing the administrators

fine write on the last point

the early nationalist leaders

who are also called as moderates

moderates took a lead

to khalid took a lead l-e-a-d

in fulfilling fulfilling

these objectives fulfilling these objectives

took a lead in fulfilling these objectives

see a volume will not let inc to mobilize the masses against the misrule

but there were other indian leaders who were educated and they had the intentions

of making inc as a anti-british body fine

aom see i am talking about the aim of inc not the aim of a volume

okay inc is not equal to a volume inc is a body which consists of many

persons many individuals many leaders one person is a loyalist does not mean that inc is totally a loyalist body

there were other leaders who armed such intentions okay i am talking about inc as a whole not with respect to a volume as an

individual fine

write down a fresh chapter open a fresh page

and write down a fresh chapter moderate face finally we fulfill the promise that we gave to

the dada by naoroji and gopal krishna gokula finally gokle will

introduce you to gandhi in the coming classes because it was gokle was the mentor of gandhi and invited gandhi to

return to india fine gukley was the mentor of mahatma gandhi and he was the one

who told gandhi to return to india okay

see focus on the things that i am doing now pre 1857 part i have told you

see when you are attending a subject please attend it from the class one the class one itself i clearly showed

you which part of history is more important fine you clearly understood that 1707 to 1857

hardly few questions are asked 1857 to 1947 majority of the questions

are from this part so as a student what should be your intent it is to cover the part which is

more important and more relevant for the examination okay that is the intent we are starting from this part since we are starting

from this part does not mean that we will neglect the earlier part we will also give the due importance to that part so please don't ask me this question

again and again i am not going to explain it to you again and again you have clearly discussed this and you also clearly agreed to it

and now don't pester me again and again with respect to this particular point if you want i can start with 1707 only i'm

like completely equipped with it ok when i am doing it for your own sake

like

we will discuss the revolt of 1857 also revolt of 1857 will be our last class we

will end our class on a high fine

so we have to start with moderates and before starting with moderates i just want to show you a few things

i hope you saw the video in the first class itself

but unfortunately i thought of like starting these topics in the at the end of

right starting these topics in the second class but we have arrived at it

by the end of third class we are very slow that is the reason i titled today's class as covering the backlogs

okay enjoy the video

foreign

it is a french word

class did not end here today slides

ok so now tell me moderates

what is their philosophy

why do we call them as moderates who are the moderate leaders

did you write down all these things okay we will answer we'll we'll try to

answer all these topics throughout our discussion so what is the philosophy of the

moderates any idea sound

sound is good

sound not audible

buffering so what is the philosophy of moderates

please right on

as the subwedding philosophy of moderates and every philosophy is adopted because

of certain reasons and visto and with respect to alternate attaining certain ends

okay every philosophy is adopted

with due to certain reasons and in order to achieve certain ends there will be certain intents of

following a certain philosophy okay i will explain to you them in detail

so this is the philosophy of moderates please write down this small sentence

phase between 1885 to 1905 is known as moderate phase

the phase between 1885 to 1905 is known as the moderate phase

eighty 1885 to nineteen zero five

is known as the moderate phase

ok so any idea what is p3

very good p3 any idea please write on

try a triangle like this so that you can remember it very easily

prayer

petition

and protest prayer petition and protest

with the intent of with the intent of

politically

educating the masses and with the intent of

having political connections

with the ruling class

fine to have the political connection with the ruling class like

british mps etcetera

to help them bring the reforms

prayer petition and protest

not participation prayer petition and protest

fine this is p3 with the intention p2

this is what i told in the video p3 plus p2 this is the philosophy and intent of the

moderate philosophy okay what is prayer

you are praying the colonial masters to grant some reforms sir we want this

indians want this fine we are praying the colonial masters to grant you some reforms grant you some

concessions sir give us representation in the legislature

take indians take more and more indians into the civil services fine sir vernacular press act is very

bad to the indian press please repeal it we'll pray them and we will write all

these demands in the form of a petition sir we want this to be fulfilled so we want this to

be fulfilled fine we will write all these demands in the form of petition and will

submit it to the british authorities fine we'll write all the demands

legislative demands administrative demands welfare demands fine all these demands will be written

in the form of a petition and we will be submitted to the british authorities

fine we will pray for the fulfillment of these demands so please get this done we are demanding this

please get this done why do we pray why do you pray to god because you believe in god

you believe in god similarly early moderates believed in the empire they used to

pray to the british administrators for the fulfillment of

these demands what is protest if these demands are not fulfilled they

used to exhibit the mildest form of the constitutional protest sir please

please sir please fulfill them sir please this was the

maximum protest they used to do they used to showcase the dissatisfaction

only in the words the two constitutional words not by

doing dharana outside their office or

throwing slippers at them or hurling the blanking blacking at them it

is not like that it is like mildest form of the constitutional protest

sir i am dissatisfied you are not doing this so the mildest form of constitutional

protest it should feel like a protest also but it is not actually the protest

at the present circumstances it does not work fine this form of constitutional protest

does not work it also includes walking out of the legislature

nowadays frequently the opposition will walk out of the legislature if their demands are not fulfilled

if certain bills are not discussed if the changes that they recommend are not included in the bill

they will walk out of the legislature so that was also one of the form of the constitutional protest that was

introduced in india by the moderates fine they used to write the petitions they used to write down all the demands

list down all the demands that they wanted the british authorities to grant to india fine and they wanted to i

mean and they prayed the britishers for the fulfillment of their petition demands and if they those demands were not met

they used to exhibit the mindless form of the constitutional protest to showcase that they were dissatisfied

this protest is not like what is happening in aryana punjab border

this protest is unlike what happened during 2011 anna jan

this protest is unlike 2012 nearby protest this protest is like

exhibiting a mildest form of dissatisfaction sir we are not satisfied

is like walking out of the legislature just walk out sir you are not satisfied

sir i am going out fine so now it has become a fashion but back

then that was a severe thing so in 19

in the first decade of 1900 i think in 1904 1904

or 1906 ferocious america walked out of legislature that became a very big issue in the british newspapers they criticized

hiroshima method for violating the spirit of parliament so walking out of parliament was a

thing that hurt them britishers even today the british parliament they follow very

good conventions and rules once the speaker

stands up every member irrespective of their party

irrespective of their position whether they are ministers or the prime minister whoever it is

fine irrespective of their demands whether they are satisfied unsatisfied whether they are holding dharan or not it does

not matter once the speaker stands up the floor belongs to speaker and everybody has to sit down and respect

his position fine in england they follow a convention that the floor of the house belongs to

the speaker and once the speaker stands up everybody has to sit down nobody should talk

this is the convention that they follow that is the reason the proceedings of the british

parliament are very good to watch but recently what happened in karnataka state legislative council

the deputy chairman of the legislative council was thrown out of the house

fine and what happened tamil nadu state assembly

tamil nadu stated early 90s

in the legislative assembly itself her sari was pulled

and she took the revenge in a very great manner karna needy was arrested in the midst of the night

and they purposefully pulled out his lungi ok

and recently one parliamentarian took the paper spray to protect himself

against the opposition parties other mps was there a need paper spray used by the

women to protect herself from the arizers but one mp felt that he needed paper

spray in the parliament itself and in karnataka assembly i think in the year of 2008

there was one mla who stood on the diaz and he tore his shirt

fine this showcases the decrease in the

parliamentary discipline the kind of legislators that we are electing it also clearly depicts the need for

electoral reforms because in india more than one third of our legislators

are from criminal background and what do we expect from the criminals

this is the sort of behavior they exhibit in the house be it in there be it in the parliament or in the house or

in the public meeting so it's not their mistake

it's not the mistake of the system also the mistake lies in us

fine so i'll try to give a glimpse of the electoral reforms that are new i mean

required but now coming back to the topic when firosha mehta walked out of the

indian legislative council that is the present form of i mean the present form is parliament back then it was called as indian

legislative council when firosha mehta walked out it was severely criticized you are exhibiting i mean you are

showcasing the disrespect towards the parliament's culture that was like that is how he was criticized by the english newspapers

okay and that was the mildest form of the constitutional protest you can exhibit they were not protesting against the

britishers in a harsher manner they were not stowing strippers that just like

people throw out the favorite leader whenever one party's donations go down

suddenly there will be an incident there is one political party in india

when it's i mean it tells the people that it runs solely on the people's

funding and whenever the funding rate it goes down suddenly there will be some incidents where

either in the press meet or in the public meeting somebody will throw the slipper at the leader of that particular party

suddenly the public donation spike up fine and there is certain other incidents

where that leader will be slapped or strangled by the public suddenly the public donation spikes up

fine so i don't want to name like

you know you are like educated people

like salman khan in this movie what which party i don't want to name any

party or person or a leader a lot of regards for respect for

all the political leaders for all the great work they have done for this great nation the sacrifices that they have rendered

the kind of hard work they have put to uplift this nation fine a lot of respect for all of them

so i will not name any of them okay so don't mind

fine some of you i know you will provoke me to talk about few people

but i have seen students like you fine that is the reason in the beginning itself i thought of putting a disclaimer

and then and then in the upcoming slides that declare i mean disclaimer will come where i'll be declaring

that any sort of coincidence or any reference is merely coincidental

any reference to any person living or dead

is merely coincidental i don't mean it be it

our honorable prime minister honorable home minister didi

behenji mula mg crazy walji

and only pm from karnataka

fine a lot of people whom i like respect adore

very much for the invaluable contributions to the country and forgot your favorite leader

whose iq is greater than all of you

once upon a time is greater than even albert einstein

fine your favorite leader fine we'll discuss about all of them their role and their contribution to

indian society we'll discuss all of it but as of now let's stick to the lecture

okay fine

okay so i hope you understood these three i mean p3 plus p2

you understood it or not i am seeking clarity from you

just because there is no audience

foreign

fine fine please write down right on the expansion

right on whatever that is on the board prayer petition protest with the intention of politically educating the

masses and to have political connections with the ruling class that is the british mps and

administrators in order to help us get the reforms

increase the font size board is very small p3 is about philosophy and p2 is about

intents of the philosophy okay

i hope you understood what is prayer prediction and protest

p3 is the philosophy and p2 is the intent of this

philosophy

2 star signifies the importance

till what did modern indian history classes will be taken till you people stop liking me

i know its boring today but tomorrow

expect unexpected fine will be back to form don't worry

hope you are done writing this so tell me the reason for following this philosophy

tell me the reason for following this philosophy

one this was where our class was supposed to

start but unfortunately it is where our class is supposed to i mean it is going to end

today we are lagging behind very much we need to accelerate the speed

buckle of people so please write down the reasons for adopting the

reasons for adopting the moderate path

or moderate philosophy

to uphold non-violence afraid to disobey british it was in its initial phase

face very good middle path ok some buddhist is here

ok to build up democratic provisions ok

fine so please write on

what were the reasons for adopting the moderate path or the moderate philosophy write down one line below that

since since it was

since it was the early days of national movement

early days of national movement

the concept of nationalism the concept of nationalism

the concept of nationalism was new to the indian masses

was new to the indian masses the concept of nationalism was new to the

indian masses

and therefore moderates thought therefore the moderates thought

it is their moral responsibility it is their moral responsibility

to learn it learn it and

preach it to learn it and preach it

to learn it and preach it write down in brackets

it was like it was like

moderates were it was like moderates were

learning and preaching the abcd of the national movement

it was like moderates learning and preaching

the a b c d of the national movement

it was like moderates learning and preaching the abcd of the national moment

close the bracket it's the first

i told only few lines since it was the early day of the national movement the concept of

nationalism was new to the indian masses fine indians did not know what was

nationalism fine the feeling was within us but how to fight

for what sake we should agitate all these things were unclear to the masses fine

national movement was very new to india okay it is our early stage of the national

movement it is the early stage of the national movement that is the reason they thought since it was the early days of the national

movement the concept of nationalism was new to the indian masses therefore moderates thought it is their moral

responsibility to learn and preach the concept of nationalism to learn and preach the concept of

nationalism in bracket how to remember it the reasons for the moderate path or moderate philosophy a

simple code word as i told you even in the video i had mentioned about

it abcd of the national movement what do you think is the abcd of the national movement

preach it preach means telling others

abcd why they were following the philosophy of

prayer petition and protest what is the reason for their philosophy

i have given you four clues the starting letter of every point

a b c d ahimsa

basic ok thank god you did not tell a for apple

see i have some limitations i cannot derive my energy from the class

today please bear with the lecture d for democracy no

a for agitation as i told you mildest form of constitutional protest agitation means public hesitation just

like it is happening in the punjab arena borders now that was not the name in the philosophy itself are clarified

see for civilities for demand c for common platform common platform i told you

intent of establishing the congress itself better not to repeat the points

i am talking in specific with respect to

why did they adopt p3 prayer petition and protest the first thing is

these methods are

acceptable to all these methods are acceptable to all

let us imagine let us imagine

you are following a revolutionary approach you are following a revolutionary approach

and you want all of indians to hold a gun shoot at the britishers

have a grenade and harlot the britishers can all of us come forward to do that

no many of us do not like violence fine and

it is not acceptable to all the revolutionary methods they are not acceptable to all

fine but prayer petition and protest it is totally peaceful non-violent it is

acceptable to all everybody can do it fine people belonging to all religion

can follow it people belong to all classes can follow it

fine these methods are acceptable to all second one

second one why they are following p3 i told it while explaining the

prayer because they believed in the britishers fine they believed in the britishers

still many of the early nationalists they hoped that the britishers will

get the reforms done in india and will develop the india in par with england australia or canada

many of the early nationalists still believed in the britishers and they expected the british to develop india

on lines of these three colonies okay they expected development

in india through britishers fine and

they adopted

the national movement was still in the early stages they were just like

children in front of the mighty british empire fine national movement was still in its early

stages they were still like a children in front of a mighty british empire how many people attended the first

station of inc just 72 delegates just 72 delegates do you think these 72

delegates can challenge empire that is ruling 36 countries highly impossible

if they try to act smart against the britishers they will crush you the national movement will end the

moment it started fine that is the reason see

whenever you plant some seeds what will you do you will put a fence around it

you will water it till it grows to certain extent you will protect it

and once it grows it can protect itself imagine it is a tree so this was the

early stage the duty of the national early nationalist was to protect that particular seed till it grows as a tree

you have to protect it you have to fence it you have to water it later when the roots grow deeper it can

nourish on its own earlier you have to put everything you have to provide the fertilizer you have to provide the water everything should be done by you but

once the trees grows bigger the route will grow deeper and it can

nourish itself so since it was the early stage they did not want the national movement to end there

they wanted to protect the national movement by making the britishers believe that they

are loyal to them okay they are just children or infants in

front of the mighty british empire that is the reason they adopted the constitutional methods of protest

fine they are just a children in front of the mighty british empire and then

they are certain demands they are certain demands

what were those demands we will discuss in the next part but as of now please write write down these points

see the revolutions in the west the revolutions in the west it did not

happen all of a sudden so if you want to look at the french revolution you have to read it from the

times of louis xiv louis 15 louis 16.

fine revolution did not happen all of a sudden all of a sudden overnight people

people did not get disgruntled with the rule and rose interval i mean rose in protest

it took its time it took its time to take the form of revolution if you want to read about

french revolution you have to read the history of at least 80 years you have to know about the social structure of the

france fine the french society was dominated by the aristocrats and clergies

they had no responsibilities but they enjoyed all the amenities whereas it was the common man who was

bearing all the responsibilities like paying taxes by acting as a soldier but

he had no privileges social structure of the france was like this the clergys are the priestly class and

the aristocrats they had all the privileges they enjoyed everything but had no responsibility of

the state they need not pay any taxes but they enjoyed all the privileges but common man he had to bear every responsibility of

the state but he had no privileges he was suppressed fine it did not happen all of a sudden

it took hundreds of years to take the form of a revolution in india

in india how many years did it take now we are rising all of a sudden how can you expect it to

be from assume that they assume or take the form of revolution it is just starting

and you are starting against an empire which is ruling all over the world one of the strongest power in the world

fine i mean think in a proper way think practically

fine 72 people do you think they can

revolt against a mighty british empire and they can succeed do you think it is 300 movie

it cannot track i mean it cannot be practically possible as i gave you the example of a sapling

fine from a seed to tree you have to protect it in all these countries also if you study its history

you notice these facts even the american revolution it did not happen all of a sudden fine

there are a lot of events

ok please write on the first point acceptable to all

acceptable to all write down in this form only draw a square or a rectangle and write down or else you can draw like this

first acceptable to all believe in british you can write like this

acceptable to all since these methods are these philosophies

these philosophies are peaceful and non-violent in nature

are peaceful and non-violent in nature

majority of the masses

majority of the masses irrespective of their

religion or class irrespective of their

religion or class can take part

can take part in the national movement can take part in the national movement

second point belief in british

in bracket right constitution belief in british in bracket right

constitution some early nationalists

some early nationalist

was of the opinion that was of the opinion that

given a chance was of the opinion that kama given a chance

britishers would given a chance britishers would

develop india on the lines of

on the lines of other colonies

other colonies like canada and australia

canada and australia and therefore

and therefore aspired aspi red aspired

to act as a bridge aspired to act as a bridge

between british and the masses as per to act as a bridge between

british and the masses and practiced

and practiced loyalty towards the

empire and practiced loyalty towards the empire

fine third point child or infant

child or infant in front of the mighty british empire child or infant in

front of the mighty british empire

child or infant in front of the mighty british empire and therefore

adopting adopting the constitutional methods

the constitutional methods

was very much necessary adopting the constitutional methods was very much necessary

to not anger to not anger

the british authorities

to not anger the british authorities

and since the national movement

and since the national movement is in its is in its

an ascent or early stage in ascent or early stage

in ascent or early stage any use of power

any use of power

or suppression or suppression

might lead to might lead to mi gst

prolonged phase of inactivity might lead to prolonged phase of

inactivity

might lead to prolonged phase of

inactivity

fine next point demands

demands

see these are the things that demonstrate the faith of the

early nationalists in the british empire

during the inc session he told the audience to pray for the well-being and long health of the

british queen and at the same time indians were no backward there was a

president of inc called as anan mohan bose was also the founder of the indian association along with

surendranath banerjee so this guy told the britishers that

educated indians are the friends and not the enemies of the britishers

this was an attempt to gain the trust of the authority okay

so there was one more session there was one more session

where all of the indians all of the attendees of the inc session

they were made to stand up and they were made they were asked to cheer for the queen of england

fine and we will discuss about the demands

write down the following phrase below the demand in a bracket or in the margin they demanded

they demanded

they demanded rule of law in the country rule of law in the

country i am explaining demands please be patient

they demanded rule of law in the country and

what is rule of law what were their demands i'll explain it in the tomorrow's class

and please tell me again do you find something

useful in the slides slides are just empty

ah they are not self sufficient without the help of the classes will not

be able to make use of the slides they are just empty figures that's all

ok so thank you very much

questions ok demands

national movement is in its earlier than s n stages nascent or the early stages

any use of power or suppression might lead to prolonged phase

this is face not facee phase of

inactivity ok

you can understand why you told about the unification of germany yes this was the intent it requires time

to make a revolution revolution cannot happen all of a sudden

there needs to be ground of preparation for revolution to follow okay we were preparing for a

major leap forward it takes some time like the national movement has just begun you

cannot expect a revolution all of a sudden it will take its time

so from tomorrow class will be online or offline even i don't know please

wait for the message that will be conveyed in your group

thank you very much

prelims questions have given the solutions also they are merely factual

fine i'll discuss few questions tomorrow fine i'll also discuss the answer for the first and the second question once i

complete the next topic before going to the extremist i'll discuss all the questions okay please remind that to me

in the tomorrow's class so that i can discuss that is only after i complete the moderate topic completely

because there is a question on moderates also fine second class the question was on maine's question was on moderates that

was the mains question that was asked in upc 2017 so i will discuss both of them after i complete

the moderates topic ok so thanks again see you