EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS AND VOTING POWERS
As of now only we'll be talking about Quality Concepts how many of you are from batch to
others are like demo classes and few others huh foreign
if you have seen the previous upsc questions and all
what is the importance of polity and problems like how many questions you will get
just to give you an idea if you don't know by now because
and how many want to give problems this time okay
your body is revised quality a little bit or it's like fresh starting now
starting now okay it's fine so Prince on an average
you will get somewhere around 13 to 15 questions this is in Planes we are
telling fine and then Mains if you take
GS2 fine you can actually subdivide it into
four one is quality governance social justice
international relations so if you analyze from the last 2013 to 2022 papers polity will be approximately 10
questions means you can take it as around 120 125 marks
governance will be somewhere around two sometimes three question so you can take it as somewhere around 25 30 marks let's
say 30 to 30 marks you can say find social justice again will be around
four to five again depending on variation so you can take it as around 50 marks
fine then IR will be exactly five questions
higher will be five question 50 marks so 25 five bucks here and there
depending on easy to find marker yes or is it return marker is it a 15 marker the distribution will vary but this is
an average distribution if you take from the last 11 10 years you can say 2013 to 2022 papers
so this is the one 10 question two questions two to three five somewhere and four five fifty marks 50 marks so on
an average if you come if you combine polity and governance you will get 150 marks that is the overall distribution social justice 50 IR 50.
if social justice is 40 45 then increase for governance fine just the basic
distribution now and then so with sources we should study let's clarify those basic points
first for quality which sources should we refer
the sources that we should refer first is obviously for your conceptual Clarity we need more of
ncrts so obviously we'll be having an idea by now so which which sincerity should be refer for that
so totally four ncerts don't take any any ncrd for granted first is your
Democratic politics part one part two
so two ncrts then political Theory ah
then Indian constitution at work
so these are the four ncerties that you have to mandatory study
Democratic politics part one and part two political Theory and Indian constitution at work
then obviously with respect reference book everybody will be having an idea which is that
any edition of lakshmikant is absolutely fine actually let us say for example you started last
year ah in your final year of degree so and then you have already bought whatever sixth edition or fifth edition
now they have released another new edition so that they keep telling that uh so they have added two new chapters
three new chapters obviously it is not necessary stick to any edition of Lakshmi Khan
that you have even the first edition of Lakshmi Gandhi is also actually okay because there is Constitution which
there is no major additions some new amendments are there but that anyhow you can study so yeah just because they had
a new chapter you don't have to buy another lakshmikant absolutely not necessary any edition of lakshmikant is
absolutely fine you have already studied from one or two years you don't have to buy any new addition stick to it so then
what about Didi Basu if you have the doubts what about Didi so what about subhasa so bakshi what's up so
obviously there are very good books no doubt about it even for constraints also if anybody is from law they can tell
they study DD bosu and he has written what eight year ten editions he has written completely about Indian constitutional work but that is not for
some perspective so from example if there is competitive exams or upsc exam perspective this says the much better
book so because if you study in so many other books and you study Lakshmi what he has done is he has taken compiled
every other book and then written the synopsis fine if you directly study lakshmikant it is more than enough you
don't have to study any other ones please don't fall behind my knowledge and feel name so obviously so that I'll get more
content so please don't fall behind that because you don't have to have about huge content so what you need is
conceptual Clarity so that is the most important fine so then in addition to this book so
please download Constitution app there are so many apps available please download that because
the more and more you keep seeing the Constitution language or what the what
they have written exactly let's say are in article 14 what are the exact words written there so the more you'll get a
Clarity because most certain is at least from the last two three years you might have seen they keep telling is it mentioned in the Constitution this term
is mentioned in the Constitution this term is defined in the Constitution Constitution gives it explicitly
implicitly like there are at least three four questions asking problems now in general also you should understand the
structure of constitution to get an idea so keep use it for reference not like every day you have to keep on referring
anything you have a doubt okay what is the schedule and all those things if you have a doubt you should keep going and referring to it the bear act what you're
the famous three quarters but typically as for us take it as Constitution App clear
yeah so then we will start with the topics then what we'll do is first we'll understand
some basics of in Indian constitutional Network you have chapter one which is what do you mean by Constitution why do
you need a constitution what are the simple like the core functions of the Constitution why Indian constitution to
an exchange succeeded when other constitutions if you compare across the country why did they fail so although
some Basics are there we'll start with that so before that see we keep referring to the word let's start with
the basics we keep referring to the word
polity now what do you mean by polity then
political form of government OK any other ideas
correct more or less related itself because politics we keep telling but then what do you mean by polity then
so quality is actually it's a form of government or the entire
system of the government those details that you have that is called as for example when you
say Indian polity that means what kind of system do we follow do we follow parliamentary system do you follow for a
federal system in presidential system do you have a unitary system do you have a federal system
fine you have a written Constitution or you don't have a constitution what is the relationship between Center and
state fine and then legislature executive Judiciary there do you have unicameral there or you have bicameral
system or you have independent Judiciary or a kind of those details the system of
the government is what you call it as quality fine quality means in simple words system of government we'll discuss
all those things there are various terms we have to discuss what do you mean because you're the basic classes morning actually we're doing the revision class
for prelims there we'll just keep telling the directly the differences but here assume assumption itself is what
that we are starting with Basics means you have to start a little in detail so slowly so that is why so there the pace
will be different here Pace will be different for example you have so many keywords like what do you if they keep telling for example 20 21 question what
is the best definition of State the term state so that this what do you mean by state what do you mean by government
what do you mean by country what do you mean by Nation nation state state Nation like the multiple keywords are there we
will go to that but this is the basic one system of government what is Sir what do you mean by government we will get to that we will understand as of now
take it as which system are you following parliamentary or presidential unitary of federal independent what do
you call as this so how many organs you have what is the relationship between different organs that is called as polity
clear you know then how do you define the term Constitution then
how can you define the term Constitution we keep telling obviously Constitution Constitution what is the basic
definition law of the land huh
document adopted by a country to govern itself okay fine any other definitions
and this is more or less correct but if you want to Define it a more in detail we will discuss that for example Constitution means it can be defined as
what you can notice no don't please first you can write what do you mean by quality Place note down and normally my
style of teaching I'll just tell you that so that you have an idea so whichever wherever you're writing just leave some margins in the I mean just
leave some margins in the sides because so many extra points will keep getting you may not be able to add in the normal
ones so examples this that everything you can add there if you feel like taking a running notes
whatever you want to know please note it at the end whatever important points are there I'll tell you that kind of a dictation also I'll do but while
explaining so many things will relate that all I can't explain so that is your duty please keep noting it as earning
node important points leave it to me that I'll take care clear yeah so that is the point so
quality means is a system of government present in a country it's a system of government present
system of government present in a country that is called as in simple words polity
fine so then what do you mean by Constitution sir it is a document or set of documents
it is a document or set of documents it is a document or set of documents
which talks about we talks about variance organs of the
government or means in simple words clear legislature executive judiciary which talks about various organs
of the government various organs of the government
their functions and responsibilities various organs of the government
their functions and responsibilities
and the interrelationship between them that means how each organ will check another organ all those things
their functions responsibilities and the inter relationship between them
and the interrelationship between them
interrelationship between them right so this is the basic it actually it means what
Constitution talks about the details of what quality that is a link
the details of quality where you find in your Constitution understand in your country what is a polity what is the
system so you should refer what you should refer your Constitution that is a basic idea details of quality are
mentioned in the Constitution hence the details of quality are mentioned in Constitution
details of a country's policy is mentioned in Constitution
right now before going to other details okay so let's write another point please
note down the Constitution can be Constitution can be written or Unwritten
Constitution can be written or Unwritten written in the sense you may not have a specific document
Constitution can be written or Unwritten
fine just mention few points U.S Constitution is
U.S Constitution is the first written Constitution
U.S Constitution is the first written Constitution
is the first written Constitution most of the democracies are written constitutions
democracy across the world U.S France Canada Australia
South Africa India most of the democracies across the world have written constitutions so then what
is the only exception UK Israel
UK Israel UK Israel
do not have written Constitution even New Zealand to an extent
UK Israel do not have written Constitution so what do you mean by that it means there is no one single document
okay do not have written Constitution it means they do not have a single document
yes so obviously you can answer why is it like that why do when they don't have a constitution how will they govern
themselves so you can easily have that question with the birds are obviously problems so there'll be a lot of
confusions so it doesn't mean that they don't have a constitution they have a constitution but like how we have in
Indian constitution like a one single document article one to article 395 in the beginning you have Preamble and then
at the end you have schedules like that you have you don't have one particular document that's it whatever those rules
for example in UK you have House of Commons user House of Lords there is head of the state is Queen head of the government is prime minister so it is a
unitary system it is a parliamentary system all those details obviously are there they are mentioned they are
mentioned in various acts not in one particular book or particular document that's why we keep telling they don't
have a written Constitution so and another basic point is the idea of having a written Constitution is mostly
post French Revolution idea like that yes yes we should have one
particular document what's up it was not like a world culture even if you look at say Indian rulers whatever it is so you
not have the concept of written Constitution that came up only in the last let's say 17
1780s so post only that this concept started
1770s or 1780s you can say that's why look at it was became independent
American independence if you have all those things if you have studied 1777 to 1782 their constitution came into force
in 1787. so that means during whatever countries became independent after that
they have written Constitution concept not before that so hence UK became independent when or you can start kind
of the process of democracy in UK started in which year 12 15.
correct 1250 is the UK starting point of the Democracy remember UK all officer
has not become if you take India the moment you get Indian constitution so many things change from August 15 1947 completely system
got reversed January 26 1950 x 100 reverse okay so obvious that means what
we became a sovereign country Democratic Republic so so many things change but UK
does not have all of what you call as kind of radical change that's why they keep telling UK is an evolving that
means what evolutionary democracy step by step it has evolved so 12 15 is the landmark year of your
which one Magna Carta
that means what is it so keep knitting down please it's a set of Rights
set of Rights issued by 12 15 Magna Carta set of Rights issued
by King John set of Rights issued by King John
2 not everybody not all the citizens set of rice issued by King John to the
balance or you can call it as Nobles the common word take it as aminda kind of a one landlords set of rates issued by
the British king John to the British Nobles Nobles means in
simple words to make it an Indian version take it as zamindars so it is not for all so but that is the
first document in the world related to rights of somebody so then what happened from then on it has gradually evolved
then the British Parliament came so then so many things started to completely change so that is the reason because it has
evolved over a period of time look at 12 15 to till now how many years almost around 800 years so they have never because ultimately
you should because a lot of people have keep having this confusion how can they UK be successful without having a
written Constitution first point you have to understand what is the need of any Constitution to ensure stability in the society to
ensure that you are responding for the needs of the Common Man to ensure that there is no major disturbances all those
things that even if even without a constitution UK is able to ensure it people are having fundamental rights
Liberty there is a system there is stability everybody is functioning according to their power there is no
major misuse of it so then why do you have a constitution then why do you why do what is the need for a constitution
anyhow the goal is already met goal is not having a constitution is not the goal having Constitution is what means
means means you under it's a path it is not the goal so goal anyhow they are able to achieve that is the reason they
failed you don't have to have a return Constitution again in fact like let's say around 15 20 years back 2008 2009 I
think they conducted a kind of voting or referendum in your UK asking that do you want a written Constitution that means
should we again change everything and then make it like how India has made a constant assembly or those things should
we have a return Constitution for UK and most of the people in UK said there is no need because if you start to making again
return Constitution so many things will change in the system hence they felt anyhow the system like
how they keep telling in polity even in administration we keep telling do not change the system which is functioning
well this problem if somebody is having an issue let's say for example if King is misusing the power
let us say your Parliament is not functioning well then what you have to do bring reforms in the parliament your Judiciary is not functioning well firms
in it when it is already functioning well then why do you need many firms UK we all know one of the most
successful democracy in the world economically now of course they are facing few problems economically all
those things but in general you don't like for example the problem you have in Afghanistan that kind of a problem you
don't you don't have in UK so necessity care then that's why they fail you don't have to make a separate book system is
already functioning well let us continue with the same because when you make written Constitution then lot of people will
question about the concept monarchy because when you are making a constitution that means literally you're
going for a democracy in general broadly what a lot of people tell take this person take the king out that
means you have to change the system a lot so that's a lot of people feel absolutely not necessary just stick to
it because it's an evolving it's
evolutionary democracy and system already has achieved goal but in a sense stability that wise hence
there is no need even it is the same case actually cell also remember the context of Israel Butler was surrounded
by so many Arab countries right from Palestine to Saudi to Iraq everybody even they have passed their people that
should we have a written Constitution again if you have a written Constitution what will happen so many things will
become rigid rigid once you write it there in the Constitution you can't change easily if
you want to change then what you have to do amend the Constitution and Israel is in
a very very what flexible very fragile situation too many things are going on around them and they don't want to take
that risk they they want the system to be we have they have to change as quickly like
let's say defense something we want to change the system they want to change they should be ready to change that's why they also have said there is no need
let's stick to it again the same system is largely functioning well so there is no need
that's the idea fine ok so that's the basic idea now there are some other
Concepts before that you have to understand another basic is providing separation of
power another basic separation of power then we will go back
to Constitution all those things voice is not clear
one second once again
[Music]
foreign
foreign chat box
video is buffering chat box
foreign they
follow
okay fine let's continue so we'll discuss a first separation of
power then constitutionalism then we'll come back to the Constitution again so separation of power basic who gave
the idea of suppression of power
foreign
foreign
[Music]
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okay sorry sorry for the disturbance we continue so separation of power so just try to recall who has given this idea
yeah idea is given by Montesquieu
montesquial again you can trace it to which one French Revolution itself of course if
you look at the Historical Evolution so many have talked about this idea of separation of power even right Aristotle
to Socrates even during till that time obviously race but in the modern times the idea was
given by Montesquieu French Revolution right the basic definition
friend solution in his work separation of power itself
what is the basic idea that you should have
three organs legislature executive and Judiciary legislature for obviously what is the
reason to make loss executive to implement loss and Judiciary
to adjudicate or to interpret make loss
Implement loss
and then interpret or
adjective adjudicate the laws that means this Judiciary will have the responsibility to tell whether a
particular law is constitutional or unconstitutional what is the meaning of that law so those things the Judiciary
will take that is what is the meaning of the basic
l e j fine within like executive against political executive and permanent
executive but that's fine then we'll do it later
sir why do you have to separate power first of all because it is to
the separation of our concept itself is to avoid concentration of power in an individual
or organ for example the kind of monarchy you take in an individual or
institution or organ whatever you call it as the idea is that to avoid concentration in an individual
or in organ for that you need separation of power
remember because remember we keep using this in multiple times even in options also views as very famously said by Lord
Acton our corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely so if you give
absolute power to anybody that means you are corrupting them absolutely so that is the reason the basic of democracy is
you should never give anybody huge powers or absolute Powers you should all and the moment you give chair power
proportionately you should give a check means accountability also should be there actually you can note that that's a very famous statement you'll be you
are like given in essay ethics you can keep using this because as very famously
said by Lord Acton so these things such things you can note somewhere in margin
asked by Lord Acton power corrupts absolute power corrupts absolutely
absolute power corrupts absolutely
absolute power corrupts absolutely
so almost a related concept you have another one that is what you call it as
this was upsc 2021 yeah 22 question also constitutional
state or they may use the word constitutional
government or they may also use the word
what is it constitutionalism so all mean the same in a way constantly
remember that's a very famous question of upsc which among the following aptly describes constitutionals
discuss that or sometimes they may use the word constitutional government also it doesn't mean that constitute a
government which is run based on a constitution that is just a basic idea it is actually a much broader one
constitutionalism constitutional state
so any idea what do you mean by constitutional state or constitutionalism
um operational property the separation of power is there but
specific idea the moment you have this even you go check back your previous question also
we'll discuss it the key word that you have to search for is
this is the keyword means what nobody should have absolute
power everybody should have limited that is the idea of constitutionalism that is
the reason we keep it is linked to separation of power clear for example what we tell is let us say we keep
taking two examples so just listen to the example you will get an idea
the one example is which one
Germany under Hitler so what they had
so even during I mean even under Hitler Germany had a return Constitution but
what they did not have had a return Constitution but no
constitutionalism what is the reason obviously it is
because what because power
power was concentrated
because power was concentrated with Hitler
now look at it so we give a statement that written Constitution ensures democracy then what is answer actually
no or is a giver statement written Constitution is mandatory for democracy that is also no
we will discuss that so hence so you can just copy it the first slide is when you say
constitutional state or constitutional government or constitutionalism you are talking about limited government limited
powers fine then take 1X first example Germany under Hitler had a return Constitution
but no constitutionalism no constitutional constitutional state for
very simple reason power was concentrated with that is the reason you had a kind of
obviously we all know that kind of a genocide against Jews and all those things
now reverse the same equation what is the other example just now we discussed it take UK example
even then even now what they don't have
obviously you don't have a written Constitution they don't have a written Constitution
but what exists yeah but it is a constitutional state
but constitutionalism exists anything you can write
yeah but constitutionalism exists
what is the reason because there is limited government that means
power is not concentrated with anybody
so that is the idea UK does not have a return Constitution but it has constitutionalism because
very simple one constitutionalism doesn't mean return Constitution it means limited government
because there is limited government okay so hence clarify hence
written Constitution is a means
hence written Constitution is
okay so return Constitution is a means to ensure constitutionalism but what is it not
it is not mandatory it is not sufficient also return Constitution is a means to ensure
constitutionalism but it is not mandated it is not sufficient that means what
just because you have Constitution you will not have conventionalism or just because you don't have so it doesn't
mean you will not have it it is neither mandatory nor necessary
or nor sufficient it is neither mandatory nor sufficient
fine so this it is neither mandatory sufficient
okay that is [Music]
functions of consumption
that we'll discuss later constitutional morality discuss fundamental rights in
simple words morality means morality means what
take as a kind of Ethics some value some principles so constitutional morality means the core principles or the core
values of your Constitution like for example if you take Indian constitution the key values that you
find in your Preamble equally Justice fraternity those things are constitutional morality
but how did it evolve in which cases has stopped about it so why is it important those things will take we'll discuss
your doctrine of essential practices and constitutional morality all together in your fundamental rights chapter but as
of now we're still talking about how the Constitution has evolved all those things so let's keep you to that so
place for the running functions of Constitution that means what constitution do first one
this is your CRT itself
foreign
foreign
I don't have to ask them I'll start and I'll ask them
for those watching online just confirm everybody is fine now
voice issue
online students please confirm
thank you
OK we will continue if any issue please let me know
I think it is okay maybe okay so what we are discussing yeah various functions of the
Constitution huh
okay fine so first one is we have written uh the related thing or not it please right
the first function is to ensure the first function is to ensure
coordination the first function is to ensure coordination
between first function is to ensure coordination between various
various members of the society
it is to ensure coordination between various members that is different diversity you can say
coordination between the members of the society so this is more than obvious because
you look at any society for that matter it is culturally if you look at it or
religious or linguistic whatever issues you take there is too much of a diversity so then when you have too much
of a diversity it is also a strength and it is also a challenge it is a strength because it will give you multiple ways
of you know what the perspective with respect to the life or whatever issues but why is it a challenge
the majority minority issue superiority inferiority issues which language has to be given predominance which language or
which religion has to be considered as the official religion all those issues will come just look at the various
examples across the world you look at Sri Lanka example so when in Sri Lanka obviously recall what is the problem
there in Sri Lanka you have the problem of what
sinhalis versus tamils
fine so sinhalis is a majority Tamil is a minority sinalisa somewhere around 80 82 percent of the population Tamil is
somewhere around 17 18 so obviously Tamil language this speaks in Hala they speak their language is I mean their
religion is mostly Buddhists in Hallis Tamil is either it is a combination mostly in those some fewer Muslims are
also there so I mean some few questions are also there so automatically what happened you might have seen obviously the problem of LTD and all those things
because Buddhism was declared as official religion because sinhala was considered as the official language over
a period what happened that led to a Kind of Revolution or Rebellion whatever you call them as a kind of terrorism act
or whatever led by obviously would have heard the famous signs what the group called as LTT what is the
reason the reason is because they could not ensure coordination between this diversity they could not ensure that
they all live together that is a problem find diversity becoming a problem same example you look
at another country take across India itself you take the example of Myanmar
fine and obviously the most of them the majority religion is Buddhist but then obviously we know we
what is the problem related to whom the problem related to rohingyas who are
the Bengali Muslims so language is different because the most spoken
language will be Mayan Maris or Burmese we call it as and the religion is Buddhism versus yeah so like that so that also led to
the problem which we all know lot of you know illegal I mean they have fled the country so they have gone to Bangladesh
most of them have come to India also they've settled even in India around Delhi Kashmir like that so again the
problem in Myanmar how you take the very famous example of Hitler itself Christians versus Jews
that is also the same so what does that indicate diversity is a strength but
diversity is also a huge challenge if you don't handle diversity properly so then so many issues will come up then or
you go back to Rwanda and look at it remember we keep telling in 1990s there's this Infamous genocide in Rwanda
African country between whom yeah hutus and Tutsi
again ethnic differences so same issue
two versus two three all of them indicate that it is very important to handle diversity
fine yeah please note on all these examples take the example of Sri Lanka civilizer system is
fine sinhala versus Tamil sinhala means take it as the majority
religion is Buddhism languages sinhala language tamils the name itself says Tamil language and
most of them Hindus few of them Muslims few of them Christian also
Buddhism Hala Hindus Muslims and Tamil language so that is what is led to the
problem of LTT then the Myanmar problem Buddhist and Mayan Maris rohingyas
Bengali Muslims
clear then even in other country if you take even if you check Germany issues
so that is one major function now automatically you have to come up we have to discuss a second function that for example when you say we need to
ensure coordination between various members of society that means what you need some loss you need some rules
obviously thought of rules that no there will be no official language or there will be no official religion or
everybody will have the fundamental rights everybody will have Liberty you have the freedom of speech expression so many things you have to mention so
automatically what is your next function then so that is your next one second function of the Constitution is
second function of the Constitution is second function of the Constitution is
to mention is to mention
is to mention the details about is to mention the details about the law
making Authority because obviously when you want draws and rules someone has to make those laws
so who is that is to mention the details about the law making Authority
is to mention the details about the law making Authority or both the
legislative Authority most important one about the law making Authority
Claire now you have to go back to another few basics obviously we keep telling that what
across the world the most famous system is democracy as of no remember actually we keep you can also bring back Winston
Churchill's statement to it so what is the famous statement of instant charges for this democracy is not the best form
of government fine but what is the idea however the other systems are more worse
Butler we have chosen democracy not because it is the best what is it because it is the least worst
so like other systems like monarchy other systems like dictatorship what's up there very very bad compared to the
democracy is much better in fact there is a reason if you have seen those Aristotle Socrates or not they keep telling what if when you say democracy
that means what majority rules the majority rules doesn't mean that it is actually the best government
but that is the least worst government we have clear you can write that Vincent
Churchill said somewhere in margin according to Winston Churchill was the former British pm
according to Winston Churchill democracy is not the best form of
government democracy is not the best form of government what is it
it is the least worst that means compared to others it is better it is not the best form of the
government it is the least worst compared to the other firms
it is the least worst compared to other firms
clip so that is about democracy now come back we keep telling the democracy is based on the principle of
which one the moment you hear democracy you should
link to it it is based on the principle of popular sovereignty
so keep noting democracy is based on the principle of popular sovereignty so look at the keywords popular sovereignty here
popular means people sovereignty means what ultimate decision
making Authority
ultimate decision making
Authority popular means people sovereignty means ultimate decision making Authority in
simple words what does that mean people will take the major additions that's what you call it as democracy popular
sovereignty people ultimate decision making Authority
now then subdivide again remember we keep telling in democracy you can broadly divide it into again two types one is called as direct democracy
another one is written direct obviously the other one will be indirect then fine so then what do you
mean by direct democracy then direct democracy please note the
definition again direct democracy here people will directly take part in
direct democracy here people will
here people will directly take part in the decision making process
people will directly take part in the decision making process
that is called as direct democracy do you have direct democracies are present in the world
which yeah actually by definition they are also not indirect within indirect we
have there for example remember we keep telling in India you might have heard a concept called as gram Sabha is a direct
democracy by definition but he is India direct democracy then India is not so
that is a that means in simple words direct democracies used to exist in the past Matlab where when for example
remember in Vedic ages we keep using the terms called as Sabha samiti vidhata they are actually direct democracy so
direct democracy only functions when you have very very less people maybe in thousands maybe in a few few
thousands fine you can write that where people directly take part in the decision making process for example during The Vedic Age during the Harappan
civilization all those things during the ancient India any words you can use
during The Vedic Age without a
Sabah samiti vidhata
were examples of were forms of direct democracy
Sava samiti and vidhata were examples for direct democracy
fine but think logically can you have direct democracy in a country for example if you take India with the
population of around 140 crore can you expect everybody to come and take part in the decision making process
then when will you take the decision how long will it take to take imagine how many people you have to involve them
even if you take out okay sir we'll include only voters even if you take 18 plus it will be at least around 100
crore at least 90 100 crore will be there how will you involve everybody in the decision making process how do you
assume that everybody will have that level of knowledge or enthusiasm to come and take part in the process then
and Fidel what if you take every decision based on yes or no you cannot take distance in democracy based on so
many things will be gray gray means what you can't completely say yes sir completely no you have to make lot of
changes there Midway mid path so that's the reason no major what you call as
this countries with huge crores of population nowhere in the world you can have direct democracy so that means
automatically what is the next form then indirect democracy
indirect or you can also use the word
no no participatories later representative democracy yeah
yes no by definition it doesn't exist within indirect you may have direct Butler for
example in some countries you would have seen like in Colombia in Chile your
South American country called as Chase daily so they gave a referendum and they asked
the people of the Chile do you want also changes in our constitution
that is but Kelly is not direct democracy Chile
is indirect democracy only within that what you follow direct democracy for example yes
an example for direct democracy but if they give the statement India is in their direct democracy then what is it
India is not direct India is indirect only within indirect few direct
democracy got it for example in Colombia you might have seen that very famous Netflix series Narcos in Colombia they had
conducted a referendum two years or three years back so by Samuel Samuel uh
mantos I mean the then Colombian president to finalize a peace deal with
frca frca is a rebel group like assume India's naxal group you have same group you have in same kind of an ideology all
those things you have in Colombia also called as frca revolutionary armed forces of Colombia when the deal was
because the problem is going on for 50 or 60 years the president wanted to settle the issue once for all
fine but the people of Colombia rejected the peace deal so it was a referendum and people
rejected so the deal failed but he got the Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to
to finalize the deal Samuel Mentos it's fine he had got a Nobel Prize also for that those are all the direct democracy
within indirect democracy not directly got the point we'll write the points you'll understand so please put the
ending indirect or representative democracy first identify that in practice direct democracies cannot exist
in practice under indirect or representative democracy please no don't in practice
in practice what cannot exist direct democracy
cannot exist in large countries with huge population
in practice direct democracy cannot exist in large countries with huge
population and what is the obvious reason this be this is because it delays the
decision making process in practice direct democracy cannot
exist in huge countries with or with large countries with huge population because it delays the decision making
process it delays the decision making process
hence practically hence practically
hence practically all the democracies are indirect demo
that means we are talking about today hence practically all the democracies are indirect
democracies practically all the democracies are indirect democracy
then why do you call it as democracy then that's why it is a link so it is like this you have people
and then you have the process of Elections by whom you will get the elected
representatives and they're going to make
so this is the link please copy it people
and through the process of Elections what they do collected Representatives you get and those elected representatives what they
do then they make the laws that's why you call it as representative democracy that means people are not directly
making laws their representatives are making loss
elected representatives they will make a loss
elected representatives you can call it as people's representative anything
fine again if you want Clarity please write the the tools of demo direct democracy all those things we'll discuss
in your Preamble chapter because democracy we still have to discuss in detail we are just mentioning few basics
fine so write another point however within indirect democracy
however within indirect democracy direct democracy may be used that is left to
the countries to decide however Within
Within indirect democracy
within indirect democracy direct democracy may be used
direct democracy may be used right so what is example for this for
example gram Sabha is direct democracy
for example gram Sabha is a direct democracy but what is India yeah but India is an indirect democracy
for example gram Sava is direct democracy but India is in general if you tell
India India is an indirect democracy
fine if you also want just write that example referendums conducted across the world
for many issues they do it referendum ref
erendums conducted across the world referendums conducted across the world
is also referendums conducted across the world
is also a tool of direct democracy
referendums conducted across the world is also a tool is also an example for direct democracy
he is also an example for direct democracy if you're on the recent one
please write the example recently in Chile
recently in Chile it is South American country recently in Chile
referendum was conducted basically referendum is of no take it as you are asking for the people's vote
that's it people's opinion recently in Chile referendum was conducted
with respect to changes in their Constitution Amendments
recently a referendum was conducted in Chile with respect to
changes in their constitution with respect to changes in their
constitution and what the people said people rejected the changes
that means people negatively voted people rejected the changes
whatever that's ultimately enough to the people to decide so that means direct democracy within
indirect so that is why it is called as representative because you have Representatives some people also call it
as you can write another name some people also call it as what
electoral democracy because you are using the process of Elections
so all mean the same electoral democracy then there are so many criticism part because we still
have to discuss democracy in detail because this is we are just talking about the form of government but democracy is not a form of government
democracy is a nature of the society but that part will discuss in Preamble
chapter because anyhow we have to discuss in detail so another name electoral democracy so
clear the first function is to mix to have some basic rules whatever you call them as principle to ensure coordination
then second by second function is what who will make those rules who will the who will make those last obviously in a
indirect democracy you will make loss that's what is the link
correct so clarify that hence in an indirect democracy legislature makes loss
that is where you have your representatives hence in an indirect democracy
legislature makes loss in an indirect democracy legislature
makes loss now that comes then comes your next
question for example again linking back to Lord Acton statement let us say for example you have given the power to the
legislature or to the people's representatives to make laws what is the guarantee that they will not misuse it
correct got an idea let us say for example you have given power to someone to make law
what is the guarantee that they will not misuse the power when we keep telling power corrupts
absolute power crops absolutely what is the guarantee they'll not misuse it maybe most of the legislators May belong
to one language or one ethnicity one religion whatever or they may have some kind of ideology economic political
ideologies they may try to impose it on others then what is the use of what we keep telling it as Freedom fundamental rights
Liberty privacy dignity so individual choice
yeah Constitution is also a correct Constitution itself is a limitation I mean getting the question the question is you cannot just give power to someone
so the moment you give power whatever accountability checks that's your third
function third function of the Constitution is to
third function of the Constitution is to Ensure accountability checks and balances
third function of the Constitution is to ensure
accountability of elected representatives are of law making Authority any words
you can use third function of the Constitution is to ensure
accountability of of elect representatives
or of literature any words hence
checks and balances hence checks and balances
is hence checks and balances is necessary
checks and balances is necessary to prevent misuse of power
checks and balances is necessary to prevent misuse of power
checks and balances is necessary to prevent the misuse of power actually you can write another statement also in margin according to Medicine Madison was
a very famous I mean U.S I mean judge like that
according to Madison m a d i s o n u s according to Medicine
one organ should check another organ so this is the base of democracy
according to medicine one organ should always check another organ
one organ should always check another organ
when that is principle of checks and balances you can write various examples for example in India
ministers that is Minister means which organ then executive for example in India ministers
or you can say in parliamentary system also for example in parliamentary system or
in India ministers that is executive he is questioned by legislature
for example in India ministers that is political executive is
questioned by legislature so executive question by legislature
fine and in general in any democracy what will happen Judiciary will check the performance or
the actions taken by whom legislature and executive
judiciary will Judiciary will check question any words
you can use the actions or decisions taken by legislature and executive
Judiciary will question the decisions taken by legislature and executive
fine these are all kind of checks and balances there is also another one for example another one you can write in
addition legislature cannot violate in addition
in addition legislature cannot violate fundamental rights of the citizen that itself is a
limitation checks in addition legislature cannot violate
fundamental rights of these citizens remember that's a huge detail we will
discuss they cannot violate the fundamental rights of the citizens that is also what
it's a check it's a limitation they are telling you what you want to do what you what you can do all those things that is
the third function put limitations on the power or put checks and balances on the power
got an idea and then next one next function fourth function of the
Constitution
fourth function is to fourth function is to
put certain responsibilities and obligations
the fourth function of the Constitution is to put certain responsibilities
and obligations on the government
to have to put certain responsibilities and obligations on the government towards the people
certain responsibilities or obligations of the government
towards the people
towards the people right sir what do you mean by that you might have heard a very famous One in
Indian context called as remember we keep telling it as what
dpsp directive principles of State policy in simple words of course details will discuss in separate chapter what
does DPS we talk about so you have to one is fundamental rights
fundamental rights puts limitations on the government that means what it will tell the
government that don't get into their personal life do not tell them what to eat what to wear what to which religion
to follow which language to speak this that you don't have to tell infer interfere in that what is DPS petel dpsp
tell the government in simple terms that take care of their education take care of their health care give basic what
jobs for them food for them clothing shelter so Lively that is you are telling the government to do something
what is fundamental rights though they tell the government what not to do
what that means that's why we keep telling fundamental rights means what negative in character negative doesn't
mean in polity bad negative means what not to do something so dpsp or
positive not necessarily good it means to do something so not to do something to do something that is called as
negative and positive not the typical arithmetic negative and positive here fine yeah that is the idea of
fundamental rights and dpsp so dpsp cons for example in South African Constitution because South Africa has
come through the concept of remember they apartheid all those things we all know that right even the gandhin era Nelson Mandela all those things South
African Constitution explicitly talks about that the government should take efforts to completely abolish racial
discrimination because the country has a history of racial discrimination that is also kind of what they don't call it as
dpsp but the idea of certain responsibility on the government that is another function of the
Constitution fine early and of course in a way these are all related to the idea of which one
welfare state also because at present all the democracies in against most of
the democracies across the world are based on welfare state concept so welfare state means in simple words
we'll discuss Evolution all those things in simple words welfare state means what the government should take care or
should always think about the welfare of its people welfare itself is a broad term basically take it as quality
education Quality Health Care basic facilities like Drinking Water Sanitation food jobs livelihood no disc
that is a basic idea of welfare state golden India so every government is
based on this idea that means take care of your people earlier let's say remember there is a
concept have you heard an idea called we'll discuss that Evolution I'm just
giving you a brief have you heard this idea let's say fair estate
government has no responsibility towards your welfare the idea was that the government will
you people can take care of themselves government doesn't have to worry the role of government is just to empower
you give you certain conditions Market will take care of your welfare but now it's not like that okay we'll come to
that later now let's write this did you write the fourth question State function yeah it is to I mean what did we write
a certain responsibilities and obligations on the government for example you can write for example Indian constitution talks
about dpsp for example Indian constitution talks about dpsp
directive principles of State policy Indian constitution talks about dpsp
[Applause] and what is it which puts certain obligations on the
government Indian constitution talks about dpsp
which puts certain obligations
which put certain obligations on the government
fine if you wanted just in bracket as of to till we understand dpsp in bracket you can write quality Education Health
Care Jobs Etc quality Education Health Care Jobs Etc
quality Education Health Care Jobs Etc five similarly across the world if you
want similarly South African Constitution
similarly South African Constitution mentions that
South African Constitution mentions that
mentions that government should take all the efforts
South African Constitution mentions that government should take all the efforts
government should take all the efforts to completely abolish racial discrimination
they should take all the efforts measures to completely abolish racial
discrimination to completely abolish racial
discrimination okay there is another kind of a positive
one then first before understanding the idea
of State let's not go to welfare state okay next next function
Constitution provides Constitution provides a political moral
identity Constitution provides
a political moral identity Constitution provides a political and
moral identity for its people
it provides the political and moral identity for its people means what it's in a constitution itself is an identity
for example look at the look at Indian constitution look at the keywords in the Preamble even if you have not read in
Preamble in detail as of now you can just recall the keywords what are the keywords like you have keywords like equality
Liberty Justice you have fraternity you have that is what they are telling is
for example you take Indian context you have so much of diversity our religion gives us certain values our language or
for our culture our region so many identities we have and everybody everything gives its own kind of an
identity what to do what not to do all those things but those are all your social identities customary identities
that doesn't matter much to us what matters more what does the Constitution allow what does the Constitution do not
allow that's what if someone has constitutional morality so that matters
more not the social or customary morality getting the point so what your religion
allows is your personal thing what does the Constitution allow that is the only thing that will matter
what is the religion not alone that is another one that's your social what is the Constitution not allow that
is what matters so that is the point called as what you keep all your other identities aside
that's all your personal issues in society in general what is allowed what is not allowed who will tell that the
constitution will tell or based on that certain laws are there based on that loss they'll tell so that is the
identity that they give and Constitution itself for example so many identities you have as we again tell but having a
constitution they have a bill having an idea that we all are in itself is the ultimate identity that's what you call
as political identity political identity means Constitution we
are all awaited with the same document we all have one major identity called as indian-ness that is what you call it as
political identity moral identity means what keep all your normal values aside
fine what does your religion tell digital that is step right what is our identity that you have to follow morally
value-wise what is the Constitution tell that is a value system that you have to follow
that's what you call it as it provides an identity political moral identity to the people
got an idea please clarify it may I mean clarify that for example India is
for example India is a country with huge diversity
India is a country with huge diversity India is a country with huge diversity
so automatically what you will get this gives multiple identities
it is your Regional identity religious identity linguistic identity all those things
India is a country with huge diversity this gives multiple identities to the
people country with huge diversity and this
gives this gives multiple identities to the
people right however
however we all have to abide by one single document
however however all of us have to abide abide
means follow respect all of us have to abide by one single
document one single document that is the Constitution
irrespective of our identities other identities we all should abide by one document
called Constitution irrespective of our other identities
irrespective of our other identity
right again clarify supreme court itself has said
supreme court itself has said supreme court itself has said that
constitutional morality prevails supreme court itself has said
that constitutional morality prevails
constitutional morality prevails over social and customary morality that means
what is your tradition say what is your Society say that is different constitutional morality prevails
over social and customary morality
over social and customary morality
fine hence what are the common values hence values mentioned in Constitution like
hence values hence values mentioned in the
Constitution values mentioned in the Constitution
like equality Justice
values mentioned in the Constitution like equality Justice fraternity
is the common Identity or is a common moral identity for all
like equality Justice fraternity Liberty whatever is the common moral identity
for all common moral identity for all
okay so these are the first basics of what do you mean by Constitution what do you mean by polity what do you mean by
separation of power constitutionalism what are the various functions or how
various it has been misused across various countries now the second part of that first chapter what you have to
study is you have to ask yourself you look at countries across the world I mean forget about across the world but remember we
keep telling Global North Global South Global North Carolina bluntly developed countries U.S I mean North America
Europe those ones Global South means the Asian African Latin American countries so Global South is where you have most
of the developing countries most of the poor countries also right and if you take entire Global South
India is one of the rare examples which have succeeded as a democracy
or you take just England around India you take Sri Lanka you take Pakistan you take Afghanistan Nepal Myanmar what
China is a different example left so if or if you take so many other countries most of them have failed one or other
way they have not succeeded to the way to an extent that India has succeeded as democracy you take Sri Lanka so what
look at the LTT pronounce all those things and what military will always one of the issues will be there you would
look at Pakistan even now you might have seen one another way Army will try to keep taking recently parvez mustaf died
just what two three two three weeks back and obviously who was he he was not elected by the people of Pakistan what
was he he was an Army General no he conducted a remember we keep telling coup means government completely take
over the system now can you imagine that happening in India it has never happened in India in the
last 73 years and we can't even I mean in general we don't even see all these
Army Generals in media also very rare women know the names when new Army General is appointed or some issue
is going on you never see a major press conference they never make any political statements fine that means military
co-concept itself is not Myanmar even today is ruled by home
but take it as typically military Afghanistan we don't even have to talk look at the situation of Afghanistan
then why only India somehow escaped from this and the token what look at the
Pakistan issue it was partitioned from India based on the concept of religion
by the definition of the typical European definition Pakistan is an ideal nation definition wise that's what you
have a common factor one religion major religion one language and all those things are used so what is assumption
because if you have people belonging to one identity you can stay together work together Prosper better
look at India how many religions you have how many languages you have how many regional
identities you have is there a commonality between Tamil Nadu and Punjab where is the commonality
or look at Kerala compare Kerala with arunachal Pradesh where do you have there is no community
at all then how did we succeed then relate compared to other countries we are actually very very successful democracy
for that obviously multiple reasons are there including the major one is the Constitution contribution itself right
from the Constitution what kind of values are mentioned there what kind of leaders we had how did the constant
assembly function how what the Judiciary technically we call it as balance of
power or institutional design how that balance matters a lot even the idea of basic structure all those things have
contributed a lot so those factors we need to study like for the subheading we will discuss after the break put the
submitting as factors which contributed
factors which contributed to the success of
factors which contributed to the success of Indian democracy or Indian
constitution also factors which contributed to the success of Indian democracy or
Constitution right whatever I give you the brief now what are the values how it was made all
those things will discuss let us take them 10 minutes break
factors which contributed to the success of Indian democracy or Constitution
foreign
foreign
what are the few basic points we have discussed
so then put the first point under factors that contributed to the success
of Indian democracy or Constitution first one is composition of constituent
assembly composition of
composition of constituent assembly
composition of constituent assembly
right so that is the first major factor that obviously contributed to the success of the Constitution so try to
recall obviously at least constant assembly so trigger what is the plan
cabinet Mission plan all those things we'll discuss that's your next chapter count as making of Indian constitution but the core point was that so even
after 1947 act it's a con the strength of the constant assembly was 299 and if
you look at the composition who all were there it had members from all the parts of the country it had members belonging
to more or less all kind of religious diversity linguistic diversity Regional diversity everything was there that is
what you call it as composition of constituent assembly it was very very diverse it reflected complete India's
diversity even though what Congress had more than 80 percent of the seats so what is insured that's why remember
we've considered assembly is criticized we'll discuss in your next chapter Granville Austin who is a very famous
U.S political scholar he says that that Indian constant assembly was a one-party
body in a one party country means the remission says that means it was
typically a congress body but within that 80 percent members what was ensured
you had members from all even women were there even members belonging to SC category were there yesterday were there
Northeast were there Central India was there more or less South Indians were more or less everybody were part of the
assembly now automatically if on I mean sir what is the use of it you reverse the equation for example what if Indian
constitution is only made from only made by people from let's say for example from four four five the core the what
you call it as a so-called Heartland of India the core four five north States up mpm Rajasthan or Bihar
only if those four states are what form 80 90 of the members then what will
other part of the India think what will the Northeast people or what will the South Indians Central Indians what will
they think obviously they'll feel that this Constitution doesn't represent our interests it is only made by few four or
five dominant States or what if it is only made by men what will the other 50 of the people think
that they don't represent our interest at all fine so that's the reason always in a
democracy remember the core point is you have to ensure diversity
find representation it's a very very important point in democracy if you don't have representations then people
will reward that is one major factor composition of Indian constitution assembly we'll first discuss the factors then we'll write then the next factor
which again for example whatever Indian call as I just know told Congress said how many more than what percentage of members
more than eighty eight zero percent eighty two eighty three percent to be precise now let us say if any provision
in the Constitution should be included by voting based on what automatically who will dominate then
automatically whatever Congress wants they'll easily dominate hence they did not go for voting if you have looked at
the provisions the basic principle that was followed was deliberation not voting they followed the concept
called as deliberation in simple words let us say for example if you want to
include freedom of speech on expression in the Constitution so first what you have to do you have to deliberate
deliberate means what discuss in detail about various pros and cons advantages
various dimensions of it first up could discuss let us say for example if one
member wants to add something to this provision freedom of speech and expression or he wants to put some
limitations on it take out one word from it so then what you can do put forward those changes
then discuss those changes again finally after deliberation the idea was
to achieve what consensus consensus means what consensus
means broader agreement on a particular provision either more or less every
should agree to it so that means you are trying to make sure that everybody agrees
so so that okay you take their point you take another Point add it so try to come to a balance
if you are gone for voting then what will happen let us say for example Congress may stay in power for five
years ten years you never know I mean after that we Prevail but in 49 how do
you know that Congress will stay in power for 30 35s continuously you can't imagine after that it happened
if okay fine until Rajiv and era Congress is mostly dominated 40 years but what is the guarantee that Congress
will dominate in 1948 or 49. let us say for example Congress made a constitution only by direct voting
now what if another party came to power five years later or ten years later what they would have done to the Constitution
what they will do they'll completely reverse the Constitution and make a new constitution then then India would have
become Pakistan then so that is the reason they did not go for direct voting they largely followed
What deliberation to achieve what consensus if in case consensus could not
be achieved but if in case lovely people did not agree then at the final stage what they did
finally if you don't have an option then go for voting if you don't have an
option not the only option or direct option so hence all this matters a lot
reasoning yeah
correct obviously that's what I told you know for example voting means what let us say for example
you discussed approvision and then you go for voting if you get 50 on let's say 100 people voted 51 51 people what that
means what the point is passed consensus means what no voting more or less out of
if you have 100 people 9500 people should say then okay fine like more or
less almost 100 should tell I have some confusions or I have some what some issues with this provision but
lastly I am also yes for it so consensus means take it as 90 to 100
people telling yes voting means what 51. overall being overwhelming is almost you
can say Universal 100 percent yeah that is called as consensus if you have differences subtle differences
add your points there they'll again discuss it finally come to a point
that is called as constant so that's why consensus is actually more democratic compared to what voting because if you
vote who will dominate then majority will always dominate but consensus make
out there you are asking for everybody's opinion but in practice normally we don't follow
consensus reason how long I mean it will take lot of time to achieve consensus it's not so easy let us say for example
if you follow consensus for your normal bills so also act Zone saw Amendment bill when will you achieve consensus
consider today's political parties how many parties are there how many people are there how many differences are there
practically it's impossible that time because we are making the most important document so lastly they decided for that
today in democracy you can't follow Consciousness it's highly impossible if you do it that's very very good but
practically as I said it's not so easy fine that means what it's like ensuring that BJ and Congress
how well when will you insure it how will be Japan when even I don't know
where you have to recall when was the last time they both worked together it's impossible practically because too
much of politics is there today that's why like let's say in administration we criticize that India is probably one of
the over politicized country in the world means in India each and every issue is politicized Matlab you take any
issue your education is language is politicized religion you live it so religion food dress what is not
politicized you you talk about it in India each and every single issue is politicized
so that's why India is one of the over politicized country in the world your caste imagine the the politics behind
cast the reservation one this that I mean entire Indian politics itself is defined
I mean based on cars Society wise your treatment if which and everything matters in India
huh yeah I mean everything the whatever you say on social media is Facebook Twitter
absolutely everything if for each and everything you can give a political context
where rarely it happens this is because of India's diversity okay fine so let's not forget to go to those issues got an
idea this is the how it functioned also matters for example you look at other countries what the like take Nepal
itself for example Nepal has made this is I think fifth Constitution four Constitution were made by the king
if King makes the Constitution will he give 400 democracy if he gives 400 democracy what will
happen to his power gun why will he agree for democracy then
so any Constitution he creates he created in such a way his position is safe others should listen to him why will
people agree to that then again reward again redraft again Revolt again redraft
finally now they have come up with another Constitution which is also it is not so easy you may have seen even less
from the last four or five months again there were some emergency majority issues again again is going on
so that shows you you take friends right from French Revolution the so-called we keep telling this is remember we keep
telling France as well this is the fifth Republic fifth Republic means in the last 200
okay how many years 240 years let's say two to Thirty forty years five times entire Constitution has been not amended
I am telling completely new constitution not like India as we have amended 105 times not
completely new constitution changes France fifth time completely redrafting
the Constitution that means imagine how difficult is it the two with their diversity imagine
with India's diversity so that's why that's that's the reason
it is not so easy to manage fine so like that many are there across the world so that is a problem because
they do not follow the deliberation and consensus fine either the king will make army General will make some popular
leader will make five years it will stay ten years it will stay but people will change power people in power will change
what will they do they'll make their own Constitution fine like that multiple like Pakistan is
having what today I think it is with the original one then General then I I think
this is fourth Constitution or third Constitution for Pakistan completely new so those are all showing the loopholes
if you don't follow these kind of principles right then another biggest advantage that India has or Indian constitute
assembly had was the legacy of Freedom Movement because if you can recall I think Modern India has done right if you
can recall your Freedom Movement by 1920s and 30s itself then more or less they had a broad idea what kind of
country or what kind of constitution we should have report 1929 there itself if you can
recall that talked about fundamental rights they talked about Universal Royal franchise they talked about rights of
minorities they talked about what the what you call us is women most of the things I had talked about it
then you have remember Patel's what resolution on that economic rights in Karachi session that talks
about something what you have in dpsp today was was what was mentioned in the Karachi resolution also
right and then we had planning on Sebastian reposited group so like that we are so what kind of economy we should
follow the government should play greater role socialist kind of an economy democracy we should have we
should have parliamentary system all those were more or less predecided pre-means before we made our
constitution you already have a broad idea so what you do was just put those things
in detail in the Constitution let us say if you still have lot of differences as to should we follow
democracy or monarchy should we follow parliamentary or presidential then
Constitution would have become largely controversial because there was largely consensus
before itself you have an advantage that is the biggest advantage that's why
if you have a long Freedom struggle the biggest strength is country will sustain for long
because people would have already had a kind of a Nation kind of a feeling will already come if you get a freedom very quickly like
you fight a war and then you get it it's very difficult to manage because you don't know how to manage
such kind of diversity then fine so that's why all those things will
matter then other major is the values mentioned that's what you say your equality Justice all those things
because there is no discrimination for anybody there is no official what or we can call it as what the formal language
or religion all those things are not there so normally those Western values in a way contributed so that's why look
at it at that time also like why we followed Western values there is a criticism also there for example in
constant assembly there is a very very famous criticism that what the Indians expected the music of a sitar but we got
the music of a guitar what they are trying to say is what we people of India expected a constitution
based in Indian values but you got a constitution based on Western valleys that is one of the
criticism but what you have to also see it doesn't matter where is the values originating what matters is what
how much has it contributed to the country's growth right that kind of values like equality
justice of course more or less All European even in India we have but then
the modern versions are all ah because you can argue saying that sir courtillard also talked about it sir so
even in bhagavad-gita you have all those things fair enough but in the recent times the idea of equality Justice
Liberty is all whose ideas European ideas Western areas only and that is actually contributed to the
nation's growth fine and the very simple reason is what most of the constant assembly members
were what vegetated in the west most of them were lawyers automatically that kind of values and Congress mostly had
that kind of an ideology so because Congress led the Freedom Movement that will have a overlap
right so those there is also another major contribution then another major factor which contributed was the balance between
various institutions means what separation of power principle checks and
balances no organ can Dominate and we follow remember in UK they keep telling UK follows the Parliamentary sovereignty
means who is sovereign Parliament can take any major decision remember that very famous statement called as what
UK Parliament can do anything and everything except make a man a woman and
a woman a man Matlab I don't have to explain you can easily understand that that is the level
of power that the UK Parliament has but Indian we don't follow parliamentary sovereignty we follow constitutional
Supremacy Matlab Constitution is supreme for us not the legislature not the
executive not the president nor the PM also so means that is the ultimate one that's
why we keep telling what individuals come and go but institutions stay PMS will change president will change
CMS will change but what will say Parliament stays legislature stress Constitution stress Judiciary stress
that Waters a lot to an extent of course there is a criticism that sir I think compared to all the three organs
legislature executive and Judiciary Judiciary has become very powerful sir hence there is a very famous criticism
which says that India has moved from constitutional Supremacy towards which Supremacy
racial Supremacy there is a criticism that actually they are becoming very Supreme for example recently one week
back or ten days back you had supreme court judgment on Election Commission of India ideally Supreme Court should not be
doing it ideally I'm telling because ideally what is Supreme Court's role let us say for example Parliament
has passed a law then what should Supreme Court tell is that law good or bad
is that law constitutional government that is your ideal role when Parliament has passed Allah but
what has Parliament not done they have not passed a law they say what is the Supreme Court do
Supreme Court has no option but to interfere so that is a loophole of democracy means
what when other two organs are performing well then it's okay what if there is rumor that is a technical word called a legislative vacuum vacuum
some some space some something not done so legislative vacuum means what then legislature is not performing its role
properly they are not passing the required necessary laws so then what will happen someone has to
enter that someone is who or you might have heard terms like
judicial activism judicial over rich so all those has contributed to judicial
Supremacy fine but according to the Constitution even checks for Judiciary also I mean
there's some online question that I already asked sir I think judicial is becoming very powerful sir according to the constitution Supreme Court judges
can also be removed by the legislature Supreme Court cannot do whatever they want to there are lot of limits even on
them they should stick to the concept of judicial restraint if there's a case against judges their
own inter internal inquiries will be there so it's so easy but yes it is a fact that we have more
literally I mean towards whom judicial Supremacy because of judicial activism and overreach but
you can count the question sir is it good or bad compared to legislative legislation powerful or executive
becoming powerful that means what sir legislative Supremacy is good or executive Supremacy is good judicial
Supremacy is good relatively judicial Supremacy is good what is the reason
foreign they'll be ready to do whatever they
want to because people elect you you have to go back to people they have to elect you again
you don't have to go back to people so hence you may judges may not
necessarily take popular decisions but ministers and we all know that look
at the way you you take any state across the country ministers and mlas and MPS will always talk emotionally and
popularly reason you have to be in news only then people get you back to Power just not necessary
because they are not directly accountable to them clear that's the kind of criticism is also there I'm telling you if in case
you want to take like that sir which organs should be relatively having more power compared to legislature who is much better
if the balance is little towards Judiciary it is much better for a democracy like India only
fine ideally it should be a balance that should you should always talk about balance only if in case I am telling
extreme rare case got it so these are all various factors
that has contributed to the success of Indian democracy in addition for example in India what will happen the Army ones
Army is never involved in what the Civil decision making for example Ministry of
Defense takes addition defense minister defense secretary tax Edition Army General has to implement it
if Army General has to take the distance then the power will shift from the defense minister towards whom Army
General it might be good in some years but worry period what will happen Army generals
will become so powerful that they can imagine the power they have how much how much of people
the weapons all those things they will easily dominate the president and the prime ministers then
so that means democracy is gone so that is the reason Army should not be
involved in the core decision-making purpose they should only Implement whatever defense minister takes defense
secretary takes addition clear those principles are all followed well that is also the reason remember
you have no way a concept called as chief of Defense staff
forgot his name who is huh an yeah Anil Chauhan is chief of Defense
staff you this recommendation was given by the Cargill Review Committee also means
almost 20 25 years back even before that narration the committee had given but
they hesitated to create chief of Defense staff for very simple reason he will be what commonly kind of what he'll
have the control over Army Navy Air Force combinedly and they had a fear
that what what if he becomes so powerful that he will take over
so that's the reason they were apprehensive so many fears were there finally in somehow they have made a
balance and they have tried to create it that's a different issue fine yeah these are all broader ideas which have
contributed to the success of India's Constitution or assembly got it yeah let's write few any
doubts we will write if you have any doubts you can keep asking did we write any point or not it
huh don't okay fine please no don't
first one under factors responsible composition of constituent assembly
composition of constituent assembly
so please mention that point
even though
when the Congress dominated
even though Congress dominating Congress dominated the assembly in terms of
numbers
in terms of numbers
in terms of numbers it had
it had representation from
it had representation from all the sections of society
it had a representation from all the sections of society
representation from all the section of society including including
just give a reference including Muslims Christians SC EST women Etc
including Muslims Christians Sikh SC St women Etc
obviously what is this ensure this ensures that this ensures that
this ensures that the concerns of this ensures that the concerns of
all the sections of society the concerns of
all the sections of society the concerns of the needs of all the
sections of society is the reflected in Constitution
the concerns of all the sections of society is reflected in the Constitution
when there is composition of constant assembly second one the functioning of constituent assembly
functioning of constituent assembly
function
clarify mentioned this deliberation
deliberation was followed deliberation process was followed
deliberation process was followed in which
deliberation process was followed in which in which detailed discussion
in which detailed discussion was conducted
in which detailed discussion was conducted before including any provision in Constitution
detailed discussion was conducted before including
any provision in the Constitution
before including any provision is the in the Constitution and what's the goal the
goal was to achieve consensus
the goal was to achieve
the goal was to achieve consensus right
only if consensus is not achieved then voting was preferred
and very rarely they preferred it only if they could not achieve consensus
only if they could not achieve consensus
voting was preferred
voting was preferred fine so that is another one the way of
functioning next one Legacy of Freedom Movement
Legacy Legacy of Freedom Movement
Legacy of Freedom Movement
during the freedom struggle itself during the national movement itself
during the Freedom Movement itself there was a broad consensus on
during the Freedom Movement itself there was a broad consensus on
there was a broad consensus on the kind of Constitution
there was a broad consensus on the kind of Constitution
the kind of Constitution that should be drafted for Independent India
the kind of Constitution that should be drafted for Independent India
that should be drafted for Independent India right if you want to give a specific
reference you can write that that should be drafted for Independent India you can write below motilal nehru report
of 1920 committee was 28 like internal test 29 motilal nehru report of 1929
motilal nehru report of 1929 Karachi resolution
drafted by Sardar Patel
Karachi resolution drafted by Sardar Patel
Karachi resolution drafted by Sardar Patel principles of social secularism
principles of secularism Universal adult franchise
principles of secularism Universal adult franchise were
were predetermined by the national leaders that means they are already
fixed were predetermined by that means before
before independence itself they were predetermined by our national leaders
fine so obviously because you had a consensus put those values in the Constitution so work is relatively easy
that is another one this one values values mentioned in the Constitution
that also matters a lot moral identity values mentioned in Constitution
values mentioned in the Constitution
values mentioned in the Constitution so you can refer to that
values like equality
values like equality Justice
e values like equality Justice Liberty
fraternity
equality Justice Liberty and fraternity have ensured
have insured have ensured freedom and dignity
have ensured freedom and dignity for every individual
have ensured freedom and dignity for every individual irrespective of their
other identities irrespective of their other entities
irrespective file
then next one balanced institutional design means
balance of power checks and balances balanced institutional design
balanced institutional design
separation of power till what do you mean by that separation
of power checks and balances
means one organ checking we have already discussed all these things separation of power checks and balances are the
foundation principles separation of power checks and balances
are the foundation principles of Indian constitution
of Indian constitution it is ensured that
it is ensured that it is ensured that no organ gets
ultimate power it is ensured that no organ
no organ can concentrate power or gets ultimate power no organ can concentrate power
when India follows the principle of Constitution see
India follows the principle of
constitutional Supremacy follows the principle of constitutional
Supremacy fine in margin you can clarify other tones also UK follows principle of
UK follows the principle of parliamentary sovereign
UK follows this just interlinking just to have a broader idea
UK follows the principle of parliamentary sovereignty
follows the principle of parliamentary sovereignty fine U.S
follows principle of which one judicial Supremacy
these extra points just to give a reference U.S follows the principle of judicial Supremacy
right and as of now what they are criticizing at present there is a criticism that
at present there is a criticism that India is moving towards Which principle yeah India is moving towards judicial
Supremacy transition towards at present there is a criticism that
India is moving towards judicial
that India is moving towards judicial Supremacy
fine even you should remember the look at the broader one
they just now remember recently before break we give an example we give an example that in Chile recently they
conducted a referendum for some changes in their constitution but remember India but raft Trident made the Constitution
let's say January 26 1950 all those things you have that original Constitution was also not given for
referendum means what they did not ask the people of India are you happy with this constitution no
it was completely decided by whom the assembly Members Only five people of India have never been as
then from then on if you take till now 105 times Indian constitution has been amended and that too that 105 times
amendment is only under 368 related other amendments are also there okay let's take it was only three hundred and
five times it has been amended not a single time people of India have been asked
getting the point it means not a single change in the Indian constitution is
given to referendum people of India have never been as there you may express your feedback opinion if there's a different
issue you may write an article this that the certified voting power was never given with respect to this
even then how did Indians agree to this exactly because of all these factors
that even though it is not given to referendum people have less likes if probably if I do I mean I'm not sure if
you look at the comparative Constitution what they tell that means if you study the Constitutions across the world probably India is the only exception I
guess with that day detailed Constitution this level of diversity and
so many number of amendments we have never subjected it to referendum but still gnarly people agree to this
that's what as they keep telling India is one of the Curious countries the most curious country in the world
where where the entire world rejects will accept it where the entire world accept that will
reject it because because of our complex civilization diversity you never know
what works what doesn't work so it is one of the example is this also if the same thing happens in U.S to this
details and and what their constitutions right from 1787 till now that is wheat has been numbered and demanded somewhere
around 35 or 30 let's say less than 40 times but we have amended one zero five times
and at their constitution is a very small one imagine our constitution the lengthiest in the world
but still largely is accepted that is all credit of all these factors
got an idea you can clarify this point also in margin the original Constitution was never subjected to referendum
these are all additional details we are just giving original Constitution the 1950 Constitution was never subjected to
referendum in simple words people were not asked their vote
original Constitution was never subjected to referendum
never subjected to referendum even other amendments were also
even other amendments were also even other amendments were also not
given for referendum
fine that is another major factor
yeah these are various Workforce multiple things are there but broadly these are the factors which contributed
to the success of Indian democracy or Constitution whatever you call that as you matter that's why they keep telling
the success of a democracy or constitution does not depend not only on the features of the Constitution
remember there is a very famous statement of even ambedkar even Dr rajendra Prasad that word you may have
the best constitution in the world in terms of features it but it is there is no guarantee that it will work best
because the success or failure of the Constitution depends on whom the character of the leaders who run the
Constitution so that means what it depends on the leaders and most importantly it depends
on the trust of the Common Man in the system that means what if common man doesn't believe that this constitution
is good you do whatever you want to one another day they will Rebel they will reward
whatever things will go out of control right clarify that statement also
finally as a one to conclude as said by Dr ambedkar and rajendra Prasad
as said by Dr Dr ambedkar and rajendra Prasad
as said by Dr ambedkar and rajendra Prasad
Dr ambedkar and rajendra Prasad we may have the best constitution in the world
I'm just paraphrasing Muslim not the exact quote to unquote core is the same meaning we may have
the best constitution in the world in terms of features
we may have the best constitution in the world in fact that itself is an advantage we will
write that we may have the best constitution in the world in terms of features
but its success depends on in terms of features
but its success depends on what but its success depends on the character
its success depends on the character of
its success depends on the character of the people who run the system or who run the
Constitution people leaders any words you can use its success depends on the character of
the people who run the Constitution who implement the Constitution
fine in fact the feature that we took what the all these Concepts from other countries that itself is an advantage
means what remember we keep telling we took fundamental rights judicial related from U.S lot of things from UK a lot of
things from fans this that that actually itself is an advantage like how they keep the memory in yours and also you
keep getting that first statement let the noble thoughts come from everywhere the regular one that kind of a feature
means what we did not hesitate that only Indian features will put it in Constitution no whatever has worked
across the world pick the best you can still put that that itself is another biggest Advantage
you can write that factor also Indian constitution
Indian constitution has borrowed this just an added I mean you can write
in margin wherever you have space because after conclusion I just remember
this Indian constitution Indian constitution has borrowed
features from Origins has borrowed the best features from across the world
they have borrowed the best features from across the world
so what does that indicate it indicates borrowed the best features from across
the world it indicates that the constitution makers
it indicates that the constitution makers rejected narrow perspective
the Constitution makers rejected the narrow perspective
rejected the narrow perspective and were ready to learn from others
and were ready to take the best from others whatever and were ready to learn from others
got it so these are all various factors that contributed to the Constitution so this is one major factor
the first major chapter of your Indian constitution we are still in the starting basics of course the next
chapter will start with easier will not do the acts 1773 all those things will do it at the end because those are all
factual aspects and you know Modern India will be done broadly there will be knowing Governors and all those things factual aspect will keep it then let's
focus on the conceptual aspects first we'll start with making of constitution chapter then we'll directly go to
parliamentary system and federal system because that Basics you need then we'll come back and continue with Preamble
fundamental rights dpsp and all those things fine before that
first day will be end or for example just a brief one what is the
difference between State country Nation those things then we will continue with other aspects
what is the definition of State this was your 2021 police question what do you mean by state
means not the I mean the other concept of State what the uttar Pradesh State
Maharashtra State Karnataka that is different one the political concept called a state
okay any other ones some vibration
huh Community or population bus okay
correct
yeah so that key factor you forgot was sovereignty correct for example when we
keep using the word state there are four components first one is
territory
population
governments
the 2021 films answer was where this word those who identified this word
so they have got it correct if you miss that word that means it's gone because there is very small differences between
country State all those things so State means when you say you should have four cons so state is just copy this state is a
political entity that means political concept
state is a political entity with four components
what are they one is territory population government
and last one sovereignty means taken as what Ultimate Edition making power in
other words you we will take our own distance will not depend on others that's the basic
idea fine and when you say government this again is a U.S concept but still largely
followed across the world when you say government it includes who all the three organs
so next time when you use the word State when we use the word government so just identify this different state means a
more broader concept government means what only these three So when you say president is ahead of the state PM is
the head of the government that means which is more broader concept Head of the State that's why according
to the Constitution president is the first citizen because he is Head of the State
government is just one part of the state got it so government is all three organs
that is legislature executive Judiciary state is a more broader concept territory population government and
sovereignty clear now when you use the word country then what do you mean by country
just copy keep keep copying when you say country take it as it is a
geographical entity you can also add the same you should have a limited I mean or
not limited exactly you can say a kind of specified territory a specified population
you can also have a government but what is not guaranteed here sovereignty is not guaranteed if you add
sovereignty to this then it becomes state fine so territory population government
that's why it is a geographical entity India is so and so with so and so square kilometer geography what land areas so
on so Coastal area so those are all what you call it as and population of 140 crore and so on so you have a
legislature executive judiciary that concept is called as country then
clear then what do you mean by Nation Nation means
nation is a psychological
emotional belongingness
psychological emotional belongingness of people fine and what you need
it is normally based on a common culture or identity like what sir it can
be your religion
it can be language it can be ethnicity
or it can be region whatever so many are there history
etcetera and the definition that we use today of nation is what concept
so we use the European concept that's why look at you take England so English
speaking people with Christianity so means what English speaking people
Christianity you take France French speaking Christianity you take Italian
Italy Italian Christianity Germany German
now things have changed now because of the globalization effect all those things diversity has changed we are telling when the nation was formed
obviously they had a common identity so that is the European definition that's why remember have you heard like
Europeans keep telling I mean when British were ruling India they kept on they kept on telling that India has
never been a nation because they are using what what definition this definition for them people who
speak one I mean you should ask some common identity like a language or religion then according to them it is Nation but look at India
by that definition that's why they keep telling India is one country or one state with multiple Nations by this
definition because by if you follow this definition take Punjab six religion Punjabi language
lastly one one Tamil language Bengali language Marathi language
kannada language Telugu language Malayalam language Warrior language so by the European definition India is
one state multiple Nations European definition I'm telling fine because if you use this because
there's everybody will develop Concepts based on their experience in Europe that is the experience they have that's why
they have developed concept like that
yeah if you follow this idea that's why we keep telling India as a nation in making reason is weird because
you still have the north of the South issue will keep on going the Kashmir issue is still there kalistan issue now
though not very strong it is still there that they want to make and the Northeast issue the nagalim issue all those things
are still there that's why they keep telling India as a nation in making clear so we'll we'll get to that but
this is a basic idea you've got it so when you say Nation it is a psychological emotional belongingness of the people
you should have some common cultural identity it can be anything either one
or a combination also fine if you want examples you write for example France French speaking
Christianity just through some two three you can write Germany German speaking
Christianity
France French speaking Christianity Germany german-speaking Christianity
right or you take for example Israel jewism Judaism whatever you call it as Jews and then Hebrew Hebrew is the
language they speak Israel so by that definition Israel is a typical Nation Israel
religion is Jews or Judaism and the language they speak broadly is
Hebrew so by that definition actually Pakistan is a nation by that definition because
Islam and luckily let's say Urdu by that definition
Pakistan Islam India doesn't I mean India is a separate
concept we will discuss in detail later and then Urdu
fine that is the reason we keep telling word you cannot apply the European concept of nation directly
to the Indian concept because India is a more complicated more diverse Nation
ok so Nation country ok country we discussed State we discussed fine then government also I
told you the difference now comes if you have heard the words sometimes we keep using this term called
as what is it nation states so just use the
chronology means what you already have a nation concept then you get together and form a state where very simple the best
example is unification of Germany foreign
iron so means what in simple words German speaking people were spread across multiple Empires now what did
bismar do so his only intention was all the German speaking people we already feel that we all are one because we all speak German
we all follow Christianity then what he felt all the german-speaking people should be under one government we should
all stay together different austria-hungarian Empire Persian Empire this Empire we don't want all the
Germans one group that means according to that that definition if you go already they have a
commonality what is a commonality already the psychological feeling there they have a psychological feeling that
they all are one so then unification of Germany happened and then what they created
they created a state that means what they created
they created this they got together they'll make a constitution they create a government and that government will
become what Sovereign so Nation feeling is already existing then you create state
got an idea so what comes first nation feeling first comes then you create for example remember
recently you have a demands going on across the world many demands are there
right you might have heard the demand for something called as
Kurdistan find Kurdistan the name itself says is done by
course it's obviously it's a
Muslim minority and where are they spread across Iraq
to Iran to yes of course as you said
turkey to in fact Syria and what do they feel same apply
the German concept German spread across Persian Empire Austria Hungarian Empire zones Empires
what are good spread across Iraq Iran turkey Syria and what do they feel
their feeling is we already feel that we all are one and what are we we are spread across multiple countries so then
what is their demand wherever kurs are living make it as Kurdistan
that means their demand is typically nation state because they feel they are already a nation because they feel
emotionally emotionally they feel they are all connected then now they are demanding state
that is Kurdistan in India itself you have a demand if you have heard what is the demand
there is a demand for something called as nagalim greater nagaland whatever you
call it as the name itself says it is by whom nagas and they want the entire nagaland
and parts of course the neighboring states parts of
Manipur parts of arunachal Pradesh
parts of Assam plus word
parts of Myanmar also because they feel nagas are spread across I mean of course
neighboring will be there so they feel all of them you have to get together and form nagalim that means they already feel they are
all one nation they know they what what they need they want state
these are examples for nation state so got an India you please write it okay
before this you write that idea first help with the heading nation state
first clarify that then we'll write this example so what do you mean by nation state
here people yeah people already have a feeling
or already are emotionally corrected people
here the people are already emotionally connected
people are already emotionally connected and what they need
they want to get together and make their own state
here people are already emotionally connected they want to get together
they want to get together and form their own state
they want to get together and and form their own state
fine so write the best example example unification of Germany led by Bismarck
example unification of Germany
unification of Germany led by Bismarck
led by Bismarck German speaking people were spread across this will give a brief
German speaking people were spread across multiple Empires
German speaking people were spread across multiple Empires
were spread across multiple Empires
find Bismarck integrated all of them
Bismarck integrated all of them and created their own state
Bismarck integrated all of them and created their own state when Italy is also same you might have
heard so mazini Garibaldi so many people were there fine that is one idea now
right this Kurdistan so their demand for Kurdistan is what
nations so just follow this Kurdistan Muslim
minorities spread across multiple exactly copy paste the German angle
then
then
again the same
so then the last concept State Nation so there what comes first
trade comes first then you create the nation feeling State Nation
State Nation here here state is created first
here state is created first
here state is created first which itself acts as a common factor
here the state is created first which itself
which itself acts as a common factor
which itself acts as a common factor in farming a nation in creating a nation
so that means what Constitution itself is a common factor for us indianness I mean what you call as this or same rules
Parliament is common factor for us so to State itself is becoming a common factor to create a nation
remember so that means for example according to a this is what according to few Scholars again there are lot of
controversies some may tell no no India has always been a nation all those things that will discuss again there is still a concept called a civilizational
state like for example according to again rather India is a state Nation means what on January 26 1950 India was still not a
nation yes they were largely Freedom Movement everything was there but still what you had so many problems still
going on at that time there was still demand non-in Northeast integration still had not happened because Freedom
Movement had also not penetrated there in South there was a demand for something called ravada Nadu India's
partition was going on Bengal partition the Punjab partition kalistan I mean what six wanted their own separate
country Kashmir issue was still there the Hyderabad integration the so many issues were still going on how do you
call yourself as a nation then you have so many problems of integration Nation means what emotionally you should be
feeling that we all are one at that day you should not have it so what came first
we somehow managed and created a constitution so that means we had a concept of State came in legislature
this that everything then what we gradually started to do gradually we started to accommodate all of them not
this problem we solved South problem we solved Kashmir issue is still pending unfortunately kalistan more or less we
have solved it so hence state has become First Nation evolved later
got it some people question it also saying no no India has always been a state nation state because Freedom
Movement had already integrated all of us but some people counter it saying if Freedom Movement had already integrated then why did you have the problems of
the revenue whatever so-and-so issues in welfare movement is that in northeast or in Kashmir issue or kalistan issue or
Southeast why did you have it like there's so many pros and cons you can argue here also
you can argue there also that's why we are just mentioning Scholars got it I mentioned that according to
again though India is a state Nation according to yogendra yadav remember
I mean casual according to yogendra yadav
India is a state Nation India is a state Nation
so I mean by that it means it means
we created a constitution and thereby State first
it means we created we created the Constitution and the
state first thank you created the Constitution and the state
or in bracket you can write Jan 26 1950 we created that first
which itself contributed which self-contributed
to transform India into a nation which itself contributed
to the transformation of India which itself contributed to the
transformation of India into a nation transformation of India into a nation
right again clarifying margin according to again India is or even according to
the European definition also according to again or european depression India is what
state with multiple Nations
again I am clarifying this is European definition of nation India is a one state with multiple
Nations State means again don't use the concept of the normal uttar Pradesh Bihar State don't use political concept
of State India is one state with multiple Nations
so why is it like that because Punjab itself is a nation Tamil Nadu
itself is a nation by this definition because Punjab Tamil Nadu Maharashtra
Bengal Karnataka whatever some two three right Punjab Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Bengal or
All Nations by this definition by the European definition
Punjab Tamil Nadu Maharashtra West Bengal Are All Nations by this definition
clear then the last concept civilizational state
which is not globally accepted but there is a concept there is not globally accepted one this is an Indian concept
civilizational State this is a counter for nation state concept
because according to European definition you should have one major common factor right and what they tell because India
doesn't have one major common factor what are you we are not nation state you are what State Nation because Constitution itself
is your common factor not a religion not a language not a this one but what is the counter concept sir why do you need
a religion or a language only as common factor why can't you have what is common factor civilization as a common factor
India say remember we keep telling India is an ancient civilization right from Harappan ages requires all those things
so for us it is not religion it is not rare What ethnicity it is not also what
is the common factor here civilization it is what they tell because they what
is their Counterpoint if India did not have one common factor how did they largely remain one or other way together
is a counter Factor what is the counter for them who told you that they largely remain together it was all different
Empires so which one will you follow that depends on your subjective interpretation because it's it's all a
Counterpoint so this is largely a right that means the political right concept
saying that we all have always been together we follow civilization got it hence that's why I am clarifying
again this is not globally accepted definition but it's an evolving lot of people are mentioning this
got the idea so what is common for us civilization is the common thread throughout our history clarify that
it means what do you mean by civilizational state it means it means
is the it means civilization itself is a common
factor throughout Indian history it means civilization itself is a common
factor throughout the Indian history
throughout the Indian history and India became state on 26 1950. so
civilization is First Nation comes later and India became a state on 26th Jan
1950. because we can sovereign
however this is not globally accepted concept
however this is not yet a globally accepted concept it may we never know what how it progresses as of now it is
not however it is not a globally accepted concept at present as of today
okay so got a broad idea so state government Nation country nation state
state nation civilizational state where does India fit in India fits in
everything India is this nation also country also State also nation state state Nation
because for very simple reason most of the concepts developed in Europe which is very very less diverse and India is
what too much of a diversity entire Europe if you combine even the entire Europe doesn't have India's level of
diversity so that's why obviously concepts are very very complicated
so this is one major Basics one so other one making of the
Constitution of those things will start from tomorrow fine then we'll continue with other chapters
any doors please ask or you can revise and ask of customer also don't still know
or let's finish the class as quickly as possible okay fine we'll continue tomorrow
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