Class 7: Polity: Fundamental Rights Offline & Online Guidance Program

THE AIMERS

EXECUTIVE DIRECTORS AND VOTING POWERS 

www.theaimers.org.patelvastralaya.com 

let's go to

these are metals for them for them I think some in the mid

okay so any doubts in whatever we discussed till yesterday

not criticized it is not criticized as it is based on the principle of sarva

Dharma which is a very old one for example but that kind of someone were told actually because remember that we

keep calling that Hinduism is broadly a kind of a culture actually not by the definition of what the investment have

that kind of a one so obviously within Hinduism we all know that there are too many types you know that vaishnoism is

there so whatever you keep on naming there are so many things hence that each one was called as kind of Dharma so

all either our kind of religion should be given not exactly religion actually Dharma means for us it's a kind of

belief system faith that can fa1 should be given equal respect was the idea not

criticism that is it is actually a positive based on the principle of

now I would have told it as after criticism but the point is I might not have mentioned so probably would have

included please don't write any criticism then it's not criticism maybe I should have clarified at that point maybe as a

conclusion at the end I would have written what is I mean I think it's a huge two three sentences all combined so it's not a criticism it's a conclusion

broad statement I have given please don't take it as criticism or maybe that's the confusion

so what tell me the overall what all have you written in that para or two three sentences

continue

that's it fine so please don't take it as a

criticism one come out of criticism it's a normal overall point observation kind of a one don't write it as criticism

I should have clarified but it's fine

foreign

language 350 50 I think why

only Hindi because the in the constant assembly obviously normally if you have observed across the world they you need

one or other language so that it acts as a kind of unifying Factor if everybody

has one or I mean ultimately people nation is means what nation means people so people have obviously have to mingle

with each other then how do you mingle with each other you have to talk to each other for you to talk what you need you need one other

common medium so at that moment they fail that let Hindi have this emerge as that common medium even if you look at

the exact wordings in the Constitution it says from Hindi language so that it becomes a viral wording is it becomes a

common medium of communication common Spread spread that one that's the

intention that's why it was mentioned but remember it is not even mentioned in part four that means it is not just

first of all even if you mention in part four it is not just disabled it is mentioned outside so it is not mandatory

for the government of India to spread it they'll take measures it's not bound

fine yeah clear any other doubts whatever we have done federalism to what what is the next

one we did preamble preamble one and then huh

correct obviously

it should be like the society is already equal no no the point is veil of ignorance in

the sense let us say I mean it is a hypothetical situation what he says is to identify the what kind of principle

should be the base of society what he says let us imagine you don't know what kind of society will be born into what

can you want to create that's what he's saying that's it Theory

veil of ignorance means imagine hypothetically you don't know where you'll be born into what do you want

did we decide nobody decides that is called as well of ignorance in

the sense here don't take it as ignorance means negative ignorance means take it as when you are not aware

that is the point and of course there is a huge in-depth criticism of it that we study in optional here it's not

necessary basic broad idea because it's there in ncrt I've tried to give you a broader perspective

fine okay so providing even in its territories part one of the Constitution chapter one article one to four

fine under that first one article one of the Constitution Constitution says that

article one of the Constitution says that

India that is Bharat in fact earlier they had used the term as I've already told it was only mentioned in it was

only written in English then they translated to Hindi and only India word was mentioned then because a lot of

people opposed it they added the word Bharat also says that India that is Bharat

India that is Bharat is India that is a union of states

Union of States we have already mentioned it put that in single method or put the underlying that phrase

India that is Bharat is a or shall be a union of states

when again this is also mentioned in construction clarify it includes two components

but also we know we have already discussed in federalism chapter it includes

two components

it includes two components first one what is the first component of that

yeah India is not formed as a result of treaty or agreement

because if treaty word comes then you should mention the word Federation remember fetus word is there

itself is called as 3D India is not formed as a result of

treaty or agreement between the states

treaty or agreement between the states to no state has the right to secede from

the Union no state has this we have already

discussed we don't have to discuss again no state has the right to secede secede

means what sccd yeah get out this also disassociate

disintegrate no state has the right to secede from

the Union clear so that is your article one India

that is Bharat is a union of states there is no major explanation because anyhow we have already discussed it it

is related in a way to your federalism why India we already discussed that the word term Federation is not mentioned it

is only called as Union for so-and-so reasons we followed which country this is this Cisco this kind of Heaven is

inspired from Canada all those things we have already done fine all right

thank you then below that

two terms you have to clarify this you can make a kind of two columns also

Union of India

territory of India

foreign Union of India territory of India

right what is the difference in Union of India under that you write a States that means only States

under Union of India States under territory of India States

B union territories union territories

C acquired territories States union territories

acquired territories acquired territories

States union territories are quite interest automatically which concept is a is a broader concept then yeah so

always keep that in mind territory of India sir why do you have to know because if you when we come to fundamental rights we'll keep using this

term multiple times that we keep saying that freedom of movement we tell Indian

citizens have the freedom of movement throughout the territory of India now when you say territory of India that

means you can move freely through the states that means one state to another state you can go for example itself is a

UT if you belong to up you can come to Delhi then you can go to Chandigarh so anything is allowed that's what you call

it as free freedom of movement throughout territory of India if in case they had not mentioned the word

territory and they had mentioned Union then you can't enter Union UT so easily then

getting the point then you can't come from you that's the role is for fundamental the chapter we'll discuss later

yes yes of course obviously they can deny if in case for example like let's say if there's any

criminal cases spending against you relative to this that they can anytime tonight it's not so easy so they'll have lot of

rules what we understand is broadly the concept where did we where did it emerge what is the major concept when you go in

depth what will happen so many conditions they'll put that under that there are any chance

always understand the basic point if they can give you a permit they can also deny you the permit

that's the point fine if they can make a law they can also remove that law repeal also it's

always the same fine yeah so territory of India is a very broader one now look at it States may obviously we anyhow

have discussed federalism in detail so more or less you have an idea Union territory there's a separate chapter

we'll again discuss it third is what you have written is called as foreign

so these are all internationally different modes of acquisition for example very simple let's say talk about

Goa so Goa and India became independent not one now today it's a part of India that's a different issue of it

geographically also it has been part of India those are all fine but we all know that at least basic points that Portuguese had occupied it and all those

things from 19 even after Independence Goa was not part of India Goa was not

mentioned in the original Constitution Constitution 1950 Constitution May Goa was never mentioned because still 1960

December 1961 December it was under the under whose control Portuguese control 1961 December the

Indian army entered it says Goa region and hence the Portuguese vacated that

territory became part of India got it so India what did they did India

acquired it is never actually conquer so conquer means what there is already some

ruler some system somebody there you will go there snatch it you conquer it invaded that is

called as conquer that is one mode got it so Goa Falls here actually

you went and conquered it but you look at puducherry

also you know pondicherry was ruled by whom French French was controlling that so

French they didn't know what nothing happened they they signed a kind of agreement and said okay fine we'll vacate we understand geographically all

those things are far so they gave it up to us in 1954 so that means they did not

conquer we did not go the Army anything what is it they said okay fine we'll give it up so

that is agreement but Sikkim now today Sikkim also is part of individuals read all those things

Dynasty that dynasty used to rule 1975 1976 to be precise sorry 1975. so

till 1975 it was ruled by chogyal Dynasty means it was not part of India

so then what we did then they conducted a where

the people of Sikkim demanded that no no we don't want kings because they will be looking at that India is becoming has

become a democracy 1975 25 years Constitution all those things they would have felt we also want to join India we

don't want to be under a king because we also want a democracy then they conducted a plebiscite there yeah we

already know what you mean by website and people of Sikkim said we want to the option is same you want the king you

want to join India and people of India people of Sikkim said we want to join India so that means Sikkim became part

of India through what plebiscite got it so like that then what do you

mean by occupations sir occupation means what you go and occupy an area where there is no ruler at all

it's like all of a sudden for example there is an area called as

we'll discuss all these things in your this chapter itself there is an area called as New Moon Island

s you might have heard the West Bengal won all those things so what happened because of this deposition of silt all

of a sudden New Island came up the rivers will carry a lot of this sand

and everything they will carry over a period of time centuries maybe whatever it is a small island emergency

no what is the earlier how will you mention that this island belongs to me when there is no Island itself I land in

it obviously so the new alien emerged then the issue started again Bangladesh said it belongs to me because

it is close to me India also says it is also close to me if it is close to Bangladesh it is close to us also then

so and there's a concept called as explosive economics on WhatsApp that you'll get to know maybe in geography they might have told you also 200

nautical miles all those things so it was between us both hence both try to fight

so India also wanted to acquire Bangladesh also wanted to acquire then the issue went to International Court

finally actually 80 percent of the land or probably 75 percent of the land at least is given to Bangladesh India has

got only 25 percent of the land but the central part of largely is India major part of the land is Bangladesh

so because it's a new island so all of those things are kind of occupation because there was nobody

there you went and occupied it there got it so that is the idea called as

occupation whatever the basic point is what do you mean by acquired territory then you go and occupy or you get an

area which is not part of your country that's it today it is not part tomorrow you get it

whatever for example there is a kind of concept if you have heard called means what

it's a huge huge one remember Pakistan Afghanistan Iraq Iran Bangladesh

everything you have to add so the concept then if you want to make that into part of India what you have to do

then one or other modes either plebiscite either agreement either whatever it is go and acquire sir can it happen please

don't ask me all those things we are in a completely different or it's not era of Kings where you go those are all gone

it's all gone but whatever it's always there is a kind of concept going on basic point is you have to acquire them

that is the idea now let us say you enter an acquire now you want to integrate into India right that is the

process that's why I've acquired to integrate them there is a another article that is what is your

article two so article two of the Constitution is simple words is about integrated

territory which is not part of India into India got it as of no it is not part you have

to make it into part you make it as UT or you make it a statement it's fine whatever for example Goa under Article 2

it was made as a UT first 1962 to 1987 it was a UT then after the

what after that what we did we made Goa as a state Sikkim under Article 2 was directly made

a state directly now no UT nothing directly state Goa this puducherry even now it is

even now it is UT so whatever that's left to the parliament to decide but

that is your article too it says that I will write that basically article two got it whatever you are studied under is

make them into India is your Article 2 so then what is article three article 3

is your for example remember we obviously you know everybody knows

fine ah what are you telling article three let's

say for example for up or we all know that there is a demand to what divided P into force

all those things how do you do it that is your article three

so Article 2 is simple words get it into India once you make them into India you make any changes for example if you have

heard there is a demand to make Delhi from UT into what State how do you do it

article three fine let's say you want to there's a demand to make break with Urban I mean

Maharashtra into to make Reserva into a state article 3. there's a demand by not

very strong demand but remember Sonu manchuk was doing all those things article 3.

earlier what was it State now what is it UT then again you

have divided it Jammu Kashmir UT Plus how article three so if you want to make

a UT into a state state into a UT break estate

Duty as of now what is it both are merged into single Union territory it is not called as the mandyu

separately separately it is called as damanagar haveli single UT

how is it article three what an idea what do you mean by that

yeah that's the point for example now I'll just overall sum up you'll get an idea let's say earlier it was called as

uttarakan uttaranchal now what do you call it as uttarakhand how do you do it article 3.

now there is a demand by TMC that is energy that they want to rename uh West

Bengal into what banga Bangla there are so many demands going on article 3. so renaming the state

remember not state capital for example Calcutta was renamed as what now it is not called as Calcutta Kolkata Bombay

Mumbai Madras Chennai Bangalore Bengaluru those are all not article

three article 3 is only about rename the state

rename State not the state capital renamed prayagraj not article three so

then who will do that that is done by the state governments will only directly take the call

whatever he wants to remember Whatever It Is Everything article it is left to him to take the call state

governments articles Parliament has got nothing to do with Constitution has got

nothing to do with it so let's say they want to create more districts in our state sir States

Parliament article 3 absolutely no connection got an idea what do you mean by this

there is a procedure under it that will write as of now what do you did you get a broad idea what do you mean by that yeah please write this then first let's

write this a territory can be acquired

a territory can be acquired by various means

a territory can be acquired by

various means and then right first one session that means someone is giving up

voluntarily write the modes

session like please plebiscite remember I told you the Alaska story I might have told you like

Alaska is part of U.S so how did US get Alaska Russia leaves like that that's also a

kind of session so Lee's plebiscite or agreement treaty agreement whatever you call them

yes but that happened before Constitution it was in 1948-49 I think 49 year

exactly month you have to classify but basically before Constitution came into Force but you're talking about article

two Muslim Constitution so when did Constitution came into first

yeah you have to talk after that whatever happened fine yeah so Lee's plebiside agreement

then just copy this Conquest then three occupation

these are all International modes of acquisition

hmm Conquest occupation don't write the

examples will get confused if any of these examples will again come back we will write all of them

article two

Article 2 Parliament can make a law

that means states have no power underlying the word Parliament

Parliament can make a law

Parliament can make a law

Kevin can make a law to establish

to establish a new state here don't get confused with State this is the not the term like

Tamil Nadu Maharashtra said political entity States Parliament has the power to establish a new state or

admit into Union of India a new existing state

power to establish a new state or admit into Union of India

an existing state admit into Union of India in existing

state so the wordings here are confusing because you may get confused with the word stare that's why what does that

mean it means so only when you study study only this your Supreme Court have looked into all those things and Clarity

has been given it means it means Article 2 deals with

it means Article 2 deals with merging of that is integrating of

Article 2 deals with integrating integration of a territory

integration of a territory which is not part of India into India

integration of a territory which is not part of India

into India which is not part of India into India

which is not part of India into India fine that is article two for example

for example all of them just combine Goa

for example Goa Daman and you dadra and nagar haveli

dadra nagar haveli yes you can just write D DNH also foreign

at that time it was called as pondicherry

Sikkim were integrated into India under article

two

puducherry and Sikkim were integrated into India

they were integrated into India under article 2.

clear so next time weekly because a lot of people get confused even in what is the state and all those things as I have

clarified then article three article three

parliam again look at the word Parliament Parliament has the power

Parliament underline the word Parliament again Parliament has the power to reorganize

article 3 Parliament has the power to reorganize the existing parts of

India to reorganize the existing parts of

India reorganize

the existing parts of India that means once you become part of India you deal them with under article three fine what

does it include it includes what do you mean by that reorganization it includes a

it includes a increase or decrease

or change alter increase or decrease or alter the

boundaries of alter the boundaries of states

alter the boundaries of the states fine then next one I mean b

merge merge or divide

merge or divide a state merge or divide a state or Union

territory so you do anything create a new state by merging this that anything then see

change the name of the state only state not the state capital or anything change

the name of the state change the name of the state

okay and then this also obviously has given to Supreme Court with lot of clarifications needed and hence it has

been clarified like that article 3 also deals with any changes

related to UTS and yet is

article 3 also deals with

also deals with any changes related to any changes related to UT and Yeti that

means once you become part of territory of India it's done article 3. any changes related to UT as well as

Yeti Union territory as well as acquired territory clear

file then put the subheading under that itself procedure

procedure to make a law under article 3.

procedure to make a law under article 3.

procedure to make a law under article 3 so keep reading the points so how do you

pass along under article three fine first one point number one

president has to give the prior recommendation

president has to give the prior recommendation

president has to give a prior recommendation for a bill to be passed

president has to give prior recommendation for a bill to be passed sorry for a bill to be introduced not

pass sorry sorry president has to give prior recommendation for a bill to be

introduced in Parliament for a bill to be introduced in

Parliament Point number one point number two before

before introducing in the parliament

or before recommending the introduction anything you can write before introducing in the parliament

President should forward the bill should send the bill

before introducing in the parliament President should send the bill to the

concerned State Legislature President should

send the bill to concerned State Legislature

President should send the bill to the concerned State Legislature

clear so we'll discuss that what do you mean by that then

okay or you can continue in the same point itself to the cons send the bill to the concerned State Legislature who

should who should give the opinion Within continually the same point who should

give the opinion Within specified time frame means president will tell you give your opinion within

one month give your opinion within two months could be who should give its opinion Within

specific or specified time frame or period whatever

give its opinion within specified time period

clear three next one the opinion of the state legislature is

not binding on the parliament or president

the opinion of State Legislature

the opinion of State Legislature is not binding

is not binding on the president or Parliament

opinion of the State Legislature is not binding on the

president or Parliament fine the next one

both Lok Sabha and rajya sabhan should pass the bill

both Lok Sabha and rajya Sabha should pass the bill

with simple majority we already discussed what do you mean by simple all those things

we have discussed right okay both Lok Sabha and rajya Sabha should pass the

bill with simple majority so underline that simple majority then

any changes made by Parliament means amendments whatever

any changes introduced by Parliament any changes made by Parliament

need not be referred back any changes

made by Parliament any changes made by the parliament

need not be referred back to the state legislature

need not be referred back to the state legislature

fine we'll discuss that let's write the last point then if it is related to UT

if it is related to UT if it is related to UT

it is not even necessary to take their opinion if you have a legislature that's it's a

different issue in general duty if it is a UT is not even necessary to take its

opinion it is not necessary to take its opinion

so now re-read it once again procedure you'll get an idea what we are trying to say

clear so what are the points

hmm so first point is what president before introducing the bill in

the parliament President should give the recommendation okay fine go ahead with this bill but even before that what

should the president have done President should first forward it to whom let's say for example just a

hypothetical example you take either you take up to be divided or Maharashtra to be divided let's say up you want to

divide Parliament wants to divide so today F5 I mean if president wants to introduce that bill uttar Pradesh

reorganization Bill 2023 if they want to reintroduce in the parliament before

that what should the president do forward it to the concern means uttar Pradesh State Legislature

they will discuss it and president will tell them give your opinion means to whom uttar Pradesh give your opinion

within two months one month that's why we have written the word specified time period we have not mentioned one month

or two months that we will mention that the president will tell give it within two months give it within three months

clear so then within whatever the time frame up assembly may give it may not

give it may accept it may reject it absolutely it doesn't matter that's why I look at the next Point what

you have written whatever the opinion of the state legislature what is it nowhere it is binding sir then why are

you asking their opinion it is just a formality to inform them ultimately it is whose call precedence

call parliament's call then let's say you got it and then now you introduce it

in Parliament now let's say Parliament changes a lot of things they change so this changes was it seen by uttar

Pradesh then let's say for example in that bill you have when it was forwarded to uttar

Pradesh there were 10 points find out end points now in the parliament when they are discussing they

have added another X5 points extra now you have total 15 points assembly see this point number 11 to 15.

how can it say first of all it is not there to say now should you send this point five five points again to up and ask them okay are

you fine with it there is nothing like that you keep going ahead that's it you humans

Parliament will keep going ahead they'll pass it but who has to pass it both Lok sabh and Raja Sabha which majority

simple majority so done state is divided sir what if the people of up or Maharashtra don't agree

procedurally procedurally speaking it doesn't matter so what if for example you take Andhra

Pradesh State reorganization bill 2014.

they said we don't want Telangana but then what is the parliament do Parliament created Telangana it's done

so you don't agree you agree it doesn't matter at all sir will they go ahead just like that

it's not so easy because politics matter I'm telling you according to the Constitution Parliament has the power

here so that's a very famous point this is over this is we are talking about your States then what about duties

then it doesn't you think logically for States itself it doesn't matter

the name it says is Union territory means it is under control of Zoom Union government so absolutely nothing

clear at least for Delhi what will happen because Delhi has what legislature same procedure will be

followed they will forward it to Delhi assembly to take their opinion whatever somebody says is binding formality

so if Parliament decides will will break the lead into two break or we'll break the lean to state

do it so it nobody will have a power Parliament will have that power

got it so that's why it is famously called as India is famously called as look at the wording itself

yeah you might have heard this

if you look at the wording itself you'll understand

foreign

indestructible Union of destructible States so destructible means what

break it but USC is called as us is called as

what I mean again you can take the call indestructible unit of indestructible

state so in that means in symbology in U.S let's say for example in U.S California is a state let's say U.S

Congress means U.S Parliament wants to break California into two you cannot do it until who agrees

California legislature agrees you can't divide it in India it doesn't matter

you got an idea yeah so please write this statement then hence India is called as copy this

huh president's rule it doesn't even matter

then there is no State Assembly then directly but they will not do it if they want to

divide it they will not do it on a presidential they'll wait let the assembly come then you do it

foreign process I'll explain that process it was

a big gameplay I'll tell you how the game was played I mean procedurally whatever they did is good or bad that's

a different issue how the game happened is different issue I'll explain that first you write this

hence India is called as indestructible Union of destructible

States so underlying the entire phrase I mean Constitution doesn't mention it famously

it is called so thank you

what are the issues with giving setup today we will discuss either

actually that I will normally tell it in an under UT chapter because I know obviously because you're in Delhi you

will have that most of more of a doubt we'll discuss that both Kashmir and Delhi I'll tell you first let's finish this

indestructible Union of destructible States hence you can write that word statement also hence

Parliament has the power to unilaterally decide

hence Parliament has the power to unilater unilaterally means you understand right on its own

to unilaterally decide the territorial boundaries of India of India in the

sense of states has the power to unilaterally decide the

boundaries or the territorial boundaries of these states

territorial boundaries of the states then write another statement however in U.S

however in U.S the boundaries of States cannot be changed

however in U.S the boundaries of States cannot be changed and unless who agree

yeah unless the state legislatures agree to it

however in U.S the boundaries of States cannot be changed unless the state legislature agrees to

it State Legislature agrees to it hence it is called as Android this

hence it is called as

indestructible Union of indestructible States

indestructible Union of indestructible States

right again now the West Bengal one you can write below recently

recently West Bengal assembly passed the resolution

recently West Bengal assembly recently in a sense two three times I

think two times I have passed 28 before covered once after code once so recently

West Bengal assembly passed a resolution to rename their state

to rename their state fine now what will happen now whatever

they have passed of course is it binding on the parliament just because West Bengal has passed will the parliament change it no then what will happen then

next Point chronology you write if this is a chronology I'm telling now what can I what can happen too it will be

forwarded to Ministry of Home Affairs government of India means

it will be forwarded to Ministry of Home affairs Union Home Ministry

it will be forwarded to Ministry of homeless just write mha it's fine mha gy

it'll be forwarded to mha government of India sir Ministry everything is a reason because it's an internal matter

any internal matter will go to home Ministry automatically then to mha will consult that is take the opinion off

mha will consult defense Ministry external Affairs Ministry

Railways everybody they'll concern that is it fine if you rename the state and everything

mha will consult Ministry of Defense Railways external Affairs IB

Etc so more so many opinions they will take because let's say you rename the state imagine you know how many records

everywhere what all you have to change that's why they'll consult everybody's open this is a procedure then naked

again mha will take the final decision and forward it to the cabinet

take it as Council of minister mha will take final decision

so if it rejects it's gone there if they want to that's left to them mha will

take the final Edition and forward it to the com Council of minister

Council of minister just if you want you can put an error mark on right from com it may go to home

I mean if you want to forward it and go to home president

president to Parliament

to Parliament this is if you want to forward if at any stage if they don't

want to forward it's gone it stops there got it that's the point so whatever West Bengal passes has absolutely no impact

on mha or cabinet or Parliament or presidents Ultimate Edition is them

clear so this is the basic Point again so clarifying the margin renaming this is all because I keep getting these

notes multiple times that's why calf once for all everything renaming of the state capitals

renaming of state capitals state capital city

renaming of the state capitals or any City

or any City or creating more districts

or creating more districts or creating more districts is Left To

whom yeah is on the Oris whatever is left to

the state governments is left to the state governments of course procedurally sometimes they mask

but that's a different issue let's say for example you want to rename [Music]

now what will happen you will have allahabad railway station also obviously it will be a very big one is a

historical City all those things now what will happen you have to consult Railways also then

procedurally they should also consult Railways seeing because when you rename the city you will rename station also

that means Railways is getting affected you should ask them procedurally yeah but Ultimate Edition is whom take it as

state government that's it that is another classification clarification Claire understood article three a very

very important one if you want some bills if you want you rename it I mean write that recent

changes in 2014 Andhra Pradesh reorganization bill

these are examples so that you understand the main ex practically how it happens in 2014

Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh State reorganization bill

in 2014 Andhra Pradesh State reorganization Bill divided it into

or created Telangana any words you can write 2014 Andhra Pradesh State reorganization

bill created Telangana or divided into Telangana Andhra Pradesh

created Telangana that is one then in 2019 2019 Jammu Kashmir reorganization bill

in 2019 Jammu Kashmir reorganization bill first what he did

made JK into a UT first you should make it into UT

made it into a UT first made it into UT then what they did

yeah it was split then it was split into two UTS that you

know just write the names first it was made into a UT

and then split into JK and ladakh

and then split into Jammu Kashmir and ladakh there in 2020

DD and DNH was merged into single Duty

right these are the three major changes which has happened under article 3 that's why I just mentioned them 2020 DD and DNS

merged into single UT merged into single UT all of them same

clear cap States I think that I've already told you West Bengal one okay this is broadly article three now any

doubts are related to article three please ask

that we'll discuss the separate that is under uh one clarification needed that

is about does the government has the power to seed an Indian Territory to another that will discuss that you live

it are they related to States article 3 more or less I think I've tried to

clarify everything my everything done okay now article four

Article 4 it says that

it says that

it says that last passed under Article 2 and article 3.

it says that the last part under Article 2 and article 3 will not be considered

as the last pass under Article 2 and

article 3 will not be considered as amendments to the Constitution

will not be considered as amendments to the Constitution

under article 368. wherever you get under article just write U slash a

will not be considered as amendments to the Constitution under article 368.

hence it will be passed by or it should be

passed by hence it will be passed by simple majority

hence it will be passed by simple majority

hence it will be passed by simple majority that's what is your article that's why look at it we may we

may we mentioned that just above this we have mentioned the bills we call it as Jammu Kashmir reorganization bill we

call it as Andhra Pradesh reorganization Bill did we mention 100th Constitutional Amendment 99 100 seconds anything we did

not mention that means basically assume let's say yesterday we wrote schedule 1

consists of what what a schedule one consists of names of the states names of the UT practice logically you think

earlier Jammu Kashmir was mentioned will be mentioned in state list or utilist it will be like this if you open schedule

one please if you have please open so that practically you understand how does that happen

you'll find the names of the states it will go a list whatever something then you will have

the names of beauties then it will go so many lists will have will be there

fine so obviously Jammu Kashmir will be originally mentioned where let's say it is here

fine schedule one may means Constitution ultimately it is also Constitution now when you make it into UT you have to

delete it here because this is which list stateless then where will you mention then here whatever the number or

alphabetically they will do it I'm just using it don't it be the exact number until so no sir it is five numbers are

six numbers are let's say you make it here then you will mention it here that means are you making are you not

adding and deleting something in Constitution then of course yes that means what you are actually making

a change in the Constitution very simple Jammu Kashmir was here erase

it put it here because it is now UT ladak the name itself was not there but ladak is

separately you mentioned that means you are actually making changes in for schedule but

according to the Constitution it will not be considered as amendments under 368 because it is not under 10368 this

power you get it under Article 2 article 3 this procedure is not mentioned in the 360 Matlab when you look at 368 there's

a procedure there your mentions of features everything this is not mentioned in the military state two and

three hence it will not be considered as amendments under 368. yes you are making

changes in Constitution we are not saying no look at it but simple majority no

no major majority is nothing and you don't give the numbers also number command Club 99 100 seconds 103rd

numbers will not be given in simple words when you see a number 42nd Amendment 1976 we mentioned right mini

Constitution when you find that number take it it is an amendment made under which article

368. procedure is mentioned there when you don't find numbers understand

it is made under Article 4 or some other articles outside 368.

got an India so that's the point so next time when they want to break into two it

will just be called as Maharashtra State reorganization bill will it be named as 107 106th no

clear if Delhi wants to be made into steady state whatever Delhi so Bill no 107 no 108 no nothing number

it's a simple words this is the logic you should use because it's the beginning I'm clarifying all these things when you find a number attached

take it as it is related to 368. if you don't find a number take it

you may be making some changes but you are doing using it under simple majority

got it yeah so that is article four

hmm City Delhi

no no no no it is not for that purpose it is called as 16th Amendment because there were so many other Provisions that

you will have that means you'll you'll lament so many other projects of the Constitution which can be done only

using 368. hence it is done for example even if you have if you will open inbox lot of people get this doubts they'll go

whatever the logic I tell you look at it in puducherry in puducherry you will find 60 I think 12th Constitutional

Amendment 1962 then people will get confused there will be no numbers then how is there you have 10 12 that is

because other articles of the Constitution was also amended it is not just about merging other things that

other things 368. renaming pondicherry into puducherry article 3 no need of

number but some other Provisions related to puducherry if you want to change that is 368 hence number

like that this is too much of detail nobody will ask you as a question just understanding got it so that is for basic point is

this now you put us a wedding

question does the government have the power

does the government of India does the government have the power

to seed seed means what give up does the government has the power or

have the power to seal an Indian Territory to another country

does the government have the power

to seed Indian Territory to another country

Indian Territory to another country means that means it's already part of India can you give up to another country

fine so now just look at the story you will easily understand that remember in Preamble Chapel also we mentioned a case

called as berubari Union case 1960.

now I have already told you what does the biroberry union means it was urine it means it is actually some it's a

group of so many areas which was a territorial dispute between India and then East Pakistan that is today's

Bangladesh so it was a boundary dispute between that means dispute commercial that also is a clarification that

mentioned boundary dispute between India

and East Pakistan fine this happened because of Radcliffe

commission remember Radcliffe Commission so boundary commission Ratcliffe

commission there was no clarity a lot of things which will age which areas there's a lot of things were there

hence what happened there was an agreement called as nehru

noon agreement 1957 nehru means I mean Indian Prime

Minister noon so his full name is whatever is there he's he was Pakistan PM so Indian pm and Pakistan PM why

Pakistan they signed an agreement and said okay we'll settle the boundary dispute once for all that means what I'll take this

you take that let's settle it first of all let's let the issue be resolved no let's not fight again

no they signed the agreement now the issue came up a lot of people questioned does the Prime Minister have the power

to give up Indian Territory because you are deciding it India used to sell it say that a dog belongs to

India Pakistan used to say that that all belongs to Pakistan so do you have the power do you in the

sense government I mean prime minister is the head do you have the power to give up an Indian Territory like that

that was a question that came up in Supreme Court and Supreme Court said what

no neither the Prime Minister nor the external affairs minister nor the president has the power if you really

want to give up an Indian Territory to another country then the procedure is

so how do you have to do it foreign

the Constitution under article 368 and using special majority and then you

detect the call not the PMR president here who is doing it Parliament under 368 special majority

fine so actually further they passed an amendment called as

they also passed it after biruba Union case they passed ninth Constitutional Amendment 1960 and then they had taken a

call but what happened they did not implement it because West Bengal opposed it a lot

Pakistan Constitution right they have to do it there they had their own problems issue was not settled

so issue pending so simple words the issue did not get settled

so then what happened 1971 Bangladesh got created obviously all

those things you know so Indira Gandhi intervention all those things Bangladesh got created East Pakistan became

Bangladesh then what happened no Bangladesh and India wanted to settle the issue then again we signed some

agreement in 1974. but again by the time it gets settled the Pakistan I mean Bangladesh PM got

murdered I mean assassinated and that went into military rule again go and when

then again the issue came up in 1990s again a portion from West Bengal he did not tell

finally the issue came up in Manmohan Singh time 2011. he signed a protocol it was already then again TMC said I have

told you yesterday itself what compulsions of Coalition bargaining federalism so West Bengal said if you

try to go ahead with this I am going to take back my support again it's a postpone again so finally

what we have is something called as 100th Constitutional Amendments 2015

because by this time Narendra Modi had come to power now he has a majority he

has he doesn't have to depend on anybody complete majority now he was able to get the numbers

so finally they signed it and settled the issue in fact here which is famously

famously called as everything got settled as overall one called as land enclaves agreement famously by quarters

exchange of land enclaves so what do you mean by Enclave see taken as this

if you take this as India Bangladesh now let's take a b c

now those territories are in are under which country

ABC belongs to what India but actually they were belonging to

belongs to what belongs to India sir how is it that's

what is called as Enclave means a territory which

geographically belongs to one country but politically belongs to another country so this pqr geographically belongs to

each country geographically means you understand right area wise Bangladesh but politically it belongs to India

politically means politically means people living in PQ and R will be considered as Indian citizens

Bangladesh government will not provide the many facilities why should they prove it because they are who citizens

our citizens we have to provide same thing ABC will not be considered as Indian citizen

Bangladesh citizen so why will India provide any first of all we are first forget about India India is a huge

country we can at least relatively much much better Bangladesh is able to provide their own people facilities why

will they provide Indian citizens in pqr facilities that's why they never they were kind of

stateless means they did not have any kind of country how will this happen first of all

according to the historical one it is because of a chess game

yes the chess only it was between nawab of rangpur and nawab kuch Bihar

so obviously you know what all Kings used to do so just so enjoy the live a luxury life and and

all those things what they have to tell if I lose this game so I have some area there you take it if I if I win this

game I'll take this area so that is how they had done it so nawab of kuch Bihar what he did he had won these areas

which belongs to nav of rangpur now had won these areas which belongs to

whatever like that now then what happened now above rangpur joined Bangladesh because there is he joined there

whatever like how princely states joined no but he owns ABC according to

documents ABC belongs to novice in the agreement saying whatever

territories that belongs to me from no one will belong to whom Bangladesh that means which will belong to Bangladesh

also ABC now will sign an agreement with government of India and say whatever

territories that belongs to me from today onwards will belong to whom India now pqr he also belonged to India like

this how many were there within India there were 51 which belongs to Bangladesh in Bangladesh there were

111 which belongs to India now what will you do then you just have

to stay like that the agreement finally in addition to this there was a lot of boundaries and everything finally we said nothing doing

let the 51 belong to India 111 will belong to whom Bangladesh let's settle

the issue once for all so we actually gave up our territory because you can't do anything

but will you bring the land back will you fight War that's all happening it's so easy to

tell on times now and all those things it doesn't happen in reality so hence they settle the issue

got it so then the people were given an option let's say for example a person is in p

no he wants to belong to India he wants Indian citizenship that means you can't stay there then what you have to do then

come to India let's say sir he has 10 acres land there so you can't bring the land

so what does the argument said you give up their citizenship you come and settle in India we will give you our

citizenship we'll give you our land whatever amount you have land there same amount of land will give you in our

country you come back same option I think you understand

those wrongdance were done under 100 Constitutional Amendment 2015.

got it how you give up Indian Territory the same procedure you have to do hypothetically again hypothetically just

to understand the concept so then don't take it emotionally for example as of now Pakistan occupied Kashmir you have

that means remember Jammu Kashmir is not a territorial dispute the territorial dispute politically

people keep in general telling it as dispute legally territorial dispute it is the meaning is that there is no

clarity about who will own this territory it is under whose control

but for us it is completely clear according to the documents because Raja are racing has signed an agreement and

said whatever his entire area is there will belong to whom India which includes today's pop also so po according to us

there is absolutely it is clear it is our territory but practically who is controlling it

the name is Pakistan occupied Kashmir let us say for example today tomorrow whatever 10 years 20 years on the line

you decided let's settle the issuance for all so that at least people of Kashmir let them stay happy because

ultimately terrorism all those things they will also get affected so then if you agree that let's make loc what you

call it as line of control the boundary let Poe belong to Pakistan then how do you do it

whatever you've done because poke belongs to whom India so if you want to give up Indian

Territory to them Constitutional Amendment under 368.

got it so that's the point so when you say territorial dispute don't get confused then so then what do you mean

by disputes sir dispute means for example as I said

which one New Moon Island because we did not have a Clarity who owns it because what is it

New Island then you settle it by agreement means there is no need of

constitutional agreement Constitutional Amendment you just sign an agreement agreement like nehru known

agreement you just sign an agreement so this issue was given to international code of arbitration so they settled it

and India and Bangladesh signed an agreement and said okay fine you take 70 80 percent you give me 25 30 whatever

settled got it because that was a disputed area that means there was no clarity

on which area who who controls that there is another area called as if you have heard

Island fine it belongs to our

it is in memory of your head Park straight Park Bay it is between India and Sri

Lanka it's somewhere in the middle and there is no people who are living there there is it is an uninhabited they call

uninhabited means there are no houses nothing there so then what is it both Indian and obviously you know Indian Sri

Lanka borders are very close I mean at least Tamil Nadu there so both Indian fishermen and Sri Lankan fishermen come there so they dry their

fishing nets take some rest or whatever it is and then go back because when their freshmen go they take seven days ten days whatever come there settle I

mean take rest for a few days or few hours and then go back you have a church also there everything but what is the

issue even India did not have the legal documents to show that it belongs to US legal documents means in some document

it should be written see that belongs to Tamil Nadu legal you can't say it orally anybody can tell orally anything you

need some document to prove right like for example if you want to say this site is mine what you have to do

sure show a paper show a document no sir I feel it is mine the feeling and all there is no proof

fine so the same concept so Sri Lanka also did not have the documents then

finally what we did Indra Gandhi signed an agreement with Sri Lankan government saying we will give up I mean what let's

settle it because it's a dispute we'll give it up to you so why did you have because at that time there was a problem

related to The Indian tamils in Sri Lanka you might have heard at least there is a

that the tamils are there in Sri Lanka right there are two types of summaries in Sri Lanka one is the original tamils means

tamils who have lived there for a very very long time and then the second Tamil is the tamils which was taken by the

British from Tamil Nadu to work because remember Sri Lanka was also ruled by Britain

so from Tamil Nadu they took this cheap labor from Tamil Nadu and put them to work in the Rubber and coffee plantations and tea plantations of Sri

Lanka Central Sri Lankan Hills now what they did they settled there

now Sri Lankan government agreed to give the citizenship to the original Sri Lankans who are in Northern in the Eastern Sri Lanka would whoever of the

tamils in central Sri Lanka Sri Lankan government said you guys are illegal migrants go back

like how in India happens to Bangladeshi people same that you guys are illegal go back now how will you go back it's been

300 years or 250 years you might have come back how will you go back where is your land you might have earned here land everything all issues the agreement

was Indira Gandhi signed an agreement and said you give citizenship to them so what will we do

we'll give this land to you and we'll give you additional help financial help and settle the issuance for all

got it so then what happened that some political issues are there when she became CM she started to

produce legal documents saying actually belongs to Tamil Nadu now prove legally that it belongs to

Tamil Nadu that means you can't give up by agreement 368 then the entire issue is gone

now she has put a case in 2000 or sometime in Supreme Court from then on the case is pending jalalitha is already

gone the case is still pending fine so that's the codes will take care

I just gave you all these things so that you get a broad idea about the picture here right yeah so please write what is

the heading huh now clarify

read this

Union case Union dispute Union territorial dispute

or rather than dispute you can say issue also dispute

so what was it it was a dispute between India and then East Pakistan

it was a dispute between India and East Pakistan

it was a dispute between India and East Pakistan

because of the lack of clarity in Radcliffe boundary commission award

it was a dispute between India and East Pakistan because of lack of clarity

because of lack of clarity in Radcliffe's boundary commissions award

award means whatever that recommended lack of clarity in the rat Cliffs

boundary commission award

Radcliffe's boundary commission award fine how did they try to settle it

known agreement was signed in 1957 to settle the issue

nehru known agreement

nehru known agreement was signed in 1957 to settle the issue

to settle the issue fine next below however Supreme Court in

1960s said that

however Supreme Court in that's what is berubari Union case Supreme Court in

1960 said that Indian Territory

foreign cannot be seeded to another country

Indian Territory cannot be seeded to another country

cannot be seeded to another country through an agreement

cannot be seeded to another country through an agreement

fine then how do you have to do it

Constitution has to be amended

Constitution should be amended under article 368

Constitution should be amended under article 368. using special majority or through

special majority Constitution should be amended under 368.

using special majority

fine hence part in Parliament do next Point parliament passed the ninth

Constitutional Amendment 1960.

parliament passed ninth Constitutional Amendment

1960.

ninth Constitutional Amendment 1960. but what happened however it was not

implemented as I said because of lot of political problems however it was not implemented

it was not implemented fine

now finally means as I said 70 is 2019 but you don't have to remember

everything try this finally 100th Constitutional Amendment 2015 was

passed finally 100 Constitutional Amendment

2015 was passed 2015 was passed to settle

to settle the India Bangladesh border issue which includes berubari everything

was settled once for all was passed to settle the India

Bangladesh boundary issue well so that's what you call it as

remember yeah it was called as you can write that it was called as or

it is called as India Bangladesh exchange of land

enclaves India Bangladesh exchange of land

enclaves and tell what do you mean by Enclave

because a lot of people again Ask the doubt Enclave means

Enclave means an area which geographically belongs to one country but territorially but politically and

legally to another country Enclave means an area

an area which geographically belongs to one country

an area which geographically belongs to one country but politically and legally belongs to

another country if you aren't just as an illustration you can write that

ABC geographically India politically Bangladesh pqr geographically Bangladesh

politically India that's the enclave

how many were there totally 51 I you can understand that please write

fine just give the number India gave up 111 enclaves to Bangladesh

and got 51 in written that's what in IR we call it as a principle of non-reciprocity

non-reciprocity reciprocity reciprocal means what I give you something you give me

something that is called as reciprocate non-reciprocity means what then

I'll give you you don't have to give it back to me it's fine so India follows the principle of non-reciprocity towards

its smaller South Asian neighbors like for example India gives so much of what

financial help to Bhutan Bangladesh Sri Lanka and all of them but what we don't expect we don't say okay I give you the

last year you give it to me now we don't expect that it's called as the elder brother attitude principle of

non-reciprocity but they'll tell you in IR but I just gave it's part of Doctrine called as ik gujral gujaral Doctrine who

was former prime minister of India India to Bangladesh 51 Bangladesh to

India then that as I said if you want just it was because of what

yeah it just came in the sense it was related to nawab of wrong of kuch Bihar

issue just in margin you clarify if you have more I mean I've told you because I

can't hear dictate all those things it takes a lot of time it was related to what now

in Bangladesh now above kuch Bihar he joined India

from kuch Bihar

so between them fine that's fine now providing again or below that

however territorial disputes

however territorial disputes can be settled

however territorial disputes can be settled how through an agreement between the

countries so you don't need amendments for that territorial disputes can be

settled through an agreement between the countries

that means executive action through an agreement between the countries how write the example

for example numer Island dispute between India Bangladesh

newmur Island dispute between India and Bangladesh then if you want

India Sri Lanka

fine so these are all issues related to article 3 Article 4 and all those things

hmm

because there the concept came up that we have written a word called as sovereign

State now a lot of people argued Sovereign means what you can take any decision Health government of India argued when

you are sovereign we'll take the call we'll give it up got the point because we are a server

instead means government of India also has the power to give it up now that's where the issues came up that is our in

India Sovereign you don't find anywhere in Constitution only where

Preamble then these Preamble Festival Park does it give you any power because legally you know how lions were

you they'll argue when the government of India says we are sovereign

so that's how the cases keep on going that's it that's for liars to live it you leave it to them for us broadly this

is the idea correct obviously but how does the state

derives its power from the Constitution Constitution is

made by whom according to the Constitution itself we the people so hence it is people who is creating the

state who is creating the Constitution

can state governments at that that any time you can go that any time you can go

normally normally Supreme Court will not interfere these things then if you have followed

the procedure properly Supreme Court will not interfere Supreme Court will only interfere if you

are not following procedure properly or if you are doing it arbitrarily means you are trying to misuse your power as

for if whatever it is like for example Union the interfere reason there's a lack of clarity can you give up can you

not give a clerk of clarity then they interfere if there is Clarity that yes Parliament

has the power to divide up to divide Maharashtra to do it so and so Supreme Court will not interfere should not

interfere actually yes you should it will become more Rich you should not interfere too much then

the only politics should take care of them that means people if they tell Parliament may say okay we'll take back

the bill let's step to the left of the politics is that fine yeah then put the heading

reorganization or first you can say integration of princely states

integration of princely States Post Independence

this is post Independence before Constitution 47 to 50.

integration of princely States Post Independence in bracket you write 47 to 50.

foreign States Post Independence 1947-1950

right so and clarify obviously we know we're doing British time itself you had

two territories one is called as Province second one is what princely state provinces had no option because

what is the only thing automatically it will become part of India then below you clarified in um

Indian independence Act 1947. Act

Indian independence act 1947 had given the princely state so many

options three options Indian independence act 1947

had given had given princely States three options

had given princely States three options obviously what are they first one

join India be join Pakistan three remain independent

join India join Pakistan remain independent

fine then after partition of India what is after

Independence after partition five five two princely states were

geographically within India

after partition 552. earlier there were many but all of them

were fewer a lot of them were in Pakistan side they joined Pakistan most of them 552 princely states were in India or

were situated geographically in India geographically situated in India

fine out of them 549 agreed to join India

out of them five five for sorry 549 549 agreed to join India

so obviously you know so then what are those three very there were complications yeah

first one Jammu and Kashmir

under that first one Jammu Kashmir integrated into India through

Jammu Kashmir integrated into India through instrument of accession

when integrated into India through ioa instrument of accession sign between

Raja Hari Singh instrument of accession sign between

Raja Hari Singh and government of India or you can write nehru Moon baton anybody

sign between Raja Hari Singh and Indian government technically a moon button because he was

the governor general foreign

India so integrated into India through plebiscites that's what in books you

find the word referendum because it's a common word as I said that basically people of junagadh were given an option

obviously what Hyderabad

Hyderabad integrated into India through military action

integrated into India through military action in Barca you can write operation Polo

integrated into India through military action called as operation Polo

operation Polo

fine so first one is Jammu Kashmir so look at the complications Jammu Kashmir was what I'll just give you a brief

Jammu Kashmir the problem was it was a Muslim majority area ruled by Hindu king

so Hindu king wanted to say independent so people were subdivided means a lot of

people wanted to stay independent a lot of people wanted to join India a lot of viewers also there who wanted to join Pakistan so many complications were

there so he wanted to make what he wanted to make Raja Hari Singh that he wanted to make Jammu Kashmir into the

Switzerland of Asia because he felt that that kind of a climate is there we can make you can have our own tourism so many whatever he

had but practically it's not difficult imagine look at the geography of Kashmir one side Pakistan one side India one

said for China One said Afghanistan also how do you manage yourself geography determines so many things how

do you defend yourself can a such a state defend against Pakistan um or they can't even defend against Afghanistan

how will they defend against Pakistan or India or Bangladesh or sorry this China then

it's impossible but of course as a king you'll feel good because anyway no King will be ready to give up into another

country because then you'll no longer be a king you have to take up the democracy whatever issues then they'll tell you in

person Independence history basically what happened after just within one and one one and a half months what happened

that's what his first India Pakistan were so he could not defend himself against the Pakistan Army finally he

said he said please give us help to the Indian government Indian government said what I'll give you help what you do

send it sign it and say that you will join India okay sir I don't have an option now what

should I do then he said but he said if I want to just said give me some special provision that's what technically we

call it as what article 370. that was later included in the Constitution by constitutional assembly

debates but that is what is instrument of accession there's a broader picture see it details it's very difficult to

discuss here because it's not part of quality junagad reverse it was a Hindu majority area Muslim Kingdom

now the Muslim King wanted to join Pakistan because look at you that is also not exactly our neighborhood of

Pakistan but still closer but people wanted to join India obviously then there were people said to

revolve they conducted a well besides finally they said will join India now what is the king and do king and the

Finance Minister escaped and went to Pakistan that Finance Minister itself is what you today called as the Buddha

family remember you might have heard so many what is their party name whatever some

party name is whatever they have a party Pakistan people's party I think so that party is

ancestor whose grandfather whoever was the Finance Minister of junagadh diwan

fine that's the issue Spiderman is one again Muslim King population

largely in those only but of course Muslims are also relatively more all those issues were there now he wanted to

join Pakistan where is Hyderabad where is Pakistan but in fact he had Sunday arms deal also

that means he obviously anticipated he has to maintain his own Army called as razakarami

razakas means the Army the soldiers of nizam of Hyderabad was called as razakas

so that Army was there fine so an Adam's deal also was a kind that means that you help a government of

India will do a obviously he will anticipate that government of India will come and attack all those things

all those issues are happening so finally Indian government went so much of a so much of resistance was there

from the circus but still all killed in fact even today it's a classified document we don't know how many deaths

happen during that time so huge huge Indian army also because you don't have an option because Sardar

Patel had famously told both in Kashmir case as well as this case that if you allow this kind of areas to join

Pakistan Italy it will be considered like a cancer in the body of India so what is the nature of cancer

spread so imagine if Hyderabad varies it's almost even though it is not in the central of India it's still core

so it will spread like cancer so you can't do at any cost you can't give it to it

then operation why is it called as operation Polo because Polo is a game if you know on horses you said that was a

favorite game of Hyderabad Nissan that's why they code named it operation Polo

this is just to understand broadly why what all has happened in Indian history but nobody will ask you remember that

when that has happened 47 to 50 the next point

next point in the original Constitution 1950

in the original Constitution

Indian territories were grouped into four parts then at that time it was

nothing called States and duties it was something else

in the original Constitution Indian territories were grouped into four parts

four parts another part a part a

former British provinces former previous

former British provinces that means what obviously what

what are the former British provinces Madras Bombay Bengal like that United

province Punjab

Bombay Madras Bengal Etc then Part B capital rate parody a capital A Part B

princely states with legislature that means big princely States princely states with legislature

princely states with legislature means those who had legislature during their time only before independence example

same Hyderabad Jammu Kashmir Mysore travancore travancore means

Kerala trivandrum

who wanted to the Raja Verma wanted to stay alone stay independent in the

beginning then whatever issues happens

when you were there I'm just giving you a few examples in part C other princely states that means small princely states

part C other princely states and CCP CCP means

you have already mentioned what is it Chief Commissioners province other princely states and chief

Commissioners Province they were under part C

other princely states and chief Commissioners Province what are the examples

yeah I mean under that you can write Delhi ajmer

means as I said it's a part of Karnataka Delhi ajmer core Etc

those are all other things listed so many were there but few saurashtra everything was there then

Part D only Andaman nicobar Island

Part D that means in the original Constitution

there was no concept called as States and duties it was subdivided into like this

Andaman and nicobar Islands Claire this was 1950. then obviously

what happened during the Indian Freedom Movement itself the concept of remember British

had created the states according to their wish administrative convenience whatever you call them as but

especially in the South and the westward happened people who are speaking one language they all were feeling we all

should be in one area one state like how French people said France English people

said England or whatever Spain is Spain Germany like that South and the West

people are asking people who speak this common language we all should be under one state but let's take for example Telugu

speaking people Telugu speaking people were divided or fewer under hyderabadism area Hyderabad State

fewer wonders fewer under Bombay

find Marathi with this what do you call as this if you take karna speaking people it was spread under word Mysore

the mess of King you might have heard my soul King area Hyderabad Nissan area Bombay Madras travancore

so these are all technically called as a they were all demanding that one language major language speaking people

we need one state linguistic reorganization we tell that's your next Point States reorganization Post

Independence or you can say post Constitution also states reorganization of the states

post Independence Northeast is only one area called as

Assam that's it parity a

because there was nothing called as whatever you call it as now there was nothing like that reorganization of the States Post

Independence how did that happen so just we'll write a brief other points we'll take that later

there was a demand for

there was a demand for linguistic that means based on language

there was a demand for linguistic reorganization of the states even during Freedom movements

there was a demand for linguistic language based

reorganization of the states even during Freedom Movement

even during Freedom Movement fine British had created provinces

because for their administrative convenience they did not care for who speaks which

language because why will they care it's a colonial power British had created provinces

British had created provinces for their administrative convenience

British had created provinces for their administrative convenience

for their administrative convenience fine then below keep reading us points motilal nehru committee report Modern

India is done right see if you can recall motilal committee report 1928 1929 let's say

motilal nehru committee report of 1929 also supported linguistic States

committee report 1929 supported linguistic States

find Congress also supported that means Congress including leaders like nehru

Gandhi Patel everybody Congress you can also write in bracket word

including Gandhi nehru Patel Gandhi jawline Patel supported what

linguistic States supported linguistic States

and because they felt okay yes it's much better if people picking one state or under one area and their official

language is the same people will feel connected emotional connect because our language is ultimately the core medium

of your expression anything you want to do but then what happened however

government of India or the same leaders you can say however the same leaders

that means the same nehru the same Patel however the same leaders opposed this

after Independence they have supported it before independence but they rejected it after

however the same leaders rejected it after independence why sir because of

the fear of regionalism and linguism which may further partition India because they

felt it will further divide the same leaders opposed this concept

after Independence and what grounds because of the fear of regionalism and

linguism because of the fear of regionalism and

linguism file so finally then what happened of

course they created committees under that first one Dar committee dhar dar

headed by one of the former judges Supreme Court Dar committee it rejected linguistic reorganization

DHR Dar committee it rejected

rejected linguistic reorganization fine it said no no nothing doing

whatever is existing let it continue then jvp committee

jvp read it in capitals jvp committee so jvp means what

nehru

V for Sardar Patel by Patel

people he was a leader from

Andhra Pradesh ITA Ramaya

whatever you can write also

[Applause] Maya

subscribe what did they do it also rejected linguistic

reorganization that means look at the same leaders again

it also rejected linguistic reorganization

then the issue came up as I said 1953

Telugu speaking areas of Madras State Madras state only

Telugu speaking areas

Telugu speaking areas of Madras state

Telugu speaking areas of Madras state was separated into because a lot of

protests happened Telugu speaking areas of Madras State separated into Andhra state it is not

Andhra Pradesh is only Andhra separated into Andhra state

Andhra State not Andhra Pradesh Andhra when did Andhra Pradesh happen this plus

Hyderabad nizam whatever you call this combined and became Andhra Pradesh then

again now it is subdivided Telangana Andhra Pradesh whatever that's all not necessary so Andhra state was created

why you can write it was because of the death of

it was because of death of there was a

protester called potty srinamlo it is because of death of potish so he

died because of the hunger first whatever he called as that led to a lot of protest

the article 3 they created this it was because of the death of potty

sriramulu for tea SRI ramru now will others keep

quiet then now when you create Telugu area separately with Tamil areas Malayalam

areas kannada areas Marathi areas keep quiet that's what his next one government of India created

States reorganization Commission in 1953

government of India created States reorganization Commission

so Landmark Commission in Indian history this is with respect to the Indian reorganization

States reorganization commission 1953 1953 underline the entire one

States reorganization commission 1953 headed by Fazil Ali he was former Supreme Court

judge created by Fazal Ali

Fazal Ali which included

which also included paniker and kunzru that means other members

paniker was remembered there's a very famous newspaper called as Hindustan times

this paniker was one of the founder of Hindustan times he was right he was actually malayali but he came unsettled

in Punjab and he had established it panicka and kunzuru

fine then they gave the report of those things what did they say what happened later all those things is your next part

so let's take a break and think about it

foreign [Music]

all fine

we start now what did this committee say Obviously as I said so after dark

commission rejected jfp committee rejected it so finally so Andhra state was created and then the demand started

from so many other language based people that we all we also read our own State like that so finally they established test

reorganization commission 1956 which was headed by whom fossil Ali commission so he the

committee went across the country commission so they took the opinion of so many people finally they get the report in 1956

which is the landmark in Indian history so right what did they say the report was submitted in 1956

it was part of India itself it was under the control of British Naman Island integration you don't have to integrate

it again Suman

right so the committee submitted the report commission submitted the report in 1956 and agreed for

the report was submitted in 1956 and it agreed for what language linguistic based reorganization

and agreed for the linguistic reorganization

agreed for the linguistic reorganization fine but keep reading in points below

that however it rejected however it rejected

one language one state formula means you can't create for every language instead

because there are how many languages in India however it rejected hmm

however it rejected one language one state formula it rejected one language one state

formula fine so then below other parameters were also suggested

that means we should also keep in mind in addition to language other parameters other parameters should also be

considered while reorganizing the states

other parameters should also be considered while reorganizing the states

while reorganizing the states means don't take up only language issue there's so many other issues also you

should consider while reorganizing what are the first one sovereignty and integrity of India

broadly sovereignty Integrity of India that means make sure that just when you create a state India's Unity should

never get affected sovereignty and integrity of India fine too cultural linguistic homogeneity

means people should feel that they all are one whatever whoever are people living in a state cultural linguistic

homogeneity homogeneity means you understand right commonality it's a similarity

cultural linguistic homogeneity free

Financial administrative factors consideration

Financial administrative Factor Financial administrative Factor then D

welfare of the people of the state and India

welfare of the people of the state and India as a whole

welfare of the people of the state and India as a whole

and so it suggested don't take up only language in addition take up all these things also well like for example very

simple one let's say take up Andhra Pradesh itself because the recent one Jammu Kashmir is completely new one I'll tell you that whatever however it was

abrogated everything so now look at Andhra Pradesh it was divided into what Telangana and in Andhra Pradesh now if

you have seen so according to the original the 2014 ACT Andhra Pradesh reorganization Act Hyderabad obviously

you know the overall United Andhra Pradesh Capital was Hyderabad Hyderabad was made as the common capital for 10

years means till 2024 Hyderabad is common capital for both Telangana as

well as which one Andhra Pradesh and what is the what the ACT has told is that within this 10 years let Andhra

Pradesh create their own capital so that means after 2024 Hyderabad will belong to whom then

you create your own Capital now it is struggling a lot to create its own Capital Andhra Pradesh you might have

heard that they tried it so yeah they tried with something called and imagine why is it so difficult it's

it's very very difficult to creating a capital city is not so easy look at Delhi Delhi is not created once for

image just just Trace back it's history how many years how many centuries

or probably even before that itself so it has to emerge like that once for all

if you want to create in 10 years you need for a for a city like let's say Delhi to be created you need at least

one lakh crore for infrastructure Quran forget about people people is later business is later

to whatever these roads buildings is that everything everything you have to plan right minimum for a Cassidy like

this you need one lakh crore where will Andhra Pradesh get one leg crore

the only major city which was giving the United Andhra Pradesh the major Revenue came from Hyderabad Hyderabad

contributed at least two by three that means minimum 65 to 70 percent of over

on Andhra Pradesh Revenue money take it as GDP technically you know by all those things to that level now hyderabadi

belongs to whom now Telangana why will Telangana give it Andhra Pradesh

now where will Andhra Pradesh get the money then so let them create industry what industry you can't create in one day

right industry you can't create in for two years three years you can't create industry just like that because for

Industries to come you need huge cities you need infrastructure you need roads this that everything you need

so all those things is a huge care for a problem that's why what they have told no you're building a completely new city

is very difficult that's why what we'll do is the existence it is will make it as three capital cities one for

legislature one for administrative one for judicial they have told that itself again came to Pablo now they have told

we'll make one only as vishakhapatnam what people then again again there is a problem so that means imagine now what

is what you imagine that Andhra Pradesh has ports and the places the coastal areas one but

still there are problems what if you create a continental means what the area which doesn't have any

ports and you make them as separate state it is very very difficult that means let's say for example you

want to make there's a demand like let's say provincial into you if you try to make it as a suppressed state where do you get the money to to manage puransal

you ultimately if you make it straight you need money to manage yourself so many officers you have to pay for people

you have to implement schemes policemen so many things you imagine capital city car where do you have such a big city

then means what I think Varna say everything will come under purvanchal that area which is Major any major city at that

area like Eastern up what else is there I don't know exactly I've forgotten but Varna say all those

things but you can't make what such a I mean so then don't tell me sir holy city sir that's a different angle

so but to maintain you need Industries you need service sector that Hank religion angle you live that's if you

can't bring all those things for administration right delicious City where do you have

Mumbai is a City Bangalore Jersey City or Hyderabad where do you have such kind of cities very difficult GDP where will you get

then you have to depend on whom then government of India why will government of India give you every time so much of money then

so that all will create a lot of problems it's not so easy to create you have to create States because ambed will

write all those factors ambedkar and a lot of people had argued in the constant assembly debate itself that for a

country as large as India with such a geography and such a population we need at at least around five zero fifty

states this was told in 1948-49 today we have 28 States

so yes we need more States because you can't manage big states it is impossible you can manage such a straightly uttar

Pradesh nowhere in the world probably they manage something like that what is according to the official population itself is somewhere around 25

that is 2011 census 2021 censorship pad minimum five crore

level the number take the numbers who have not been counted in census minimum

25 to 30 crore population it is five times entire England enter UK

it is half of Europe population we probably will not be there

how do you manage it I mean you think practically live out everything else how would you administer

one MP in up represents 40 lakh people nowhere in the world this happens 40

lakh people if you add another three MPS if you had it's a European country

it is one MP seat in India I mean practically understanding the

problem how do you respond to so many people's need problems with the Education Health sanit

this that unimaginable problems that's why the very very greater need is

we need something to do with especially up because you can't manage such a big state it's impossible practically

but people are not demanding because people don't have that level of awareness or whatever in general in

India it's like that in administration we keep telling that Indians have a very high tolerance for Mal Administration

Mal Administration means negative negative admination we don't care

so that kind of angle so that let's stay like this Karma philosophy everything is

good and fine so I'm happy with what I have rutikana all those we if you have we are here remains in

so that's the reason so many problems are still pending so we have to do it but Finance is a problem

like for example if you create more States interested border disputes will increase interest for example earlier

you might have heard Krishna water dispute Krishna river water dispute was between Maharashtra Karnataka Andhra

Pradesh now they have divided water between those three now they want to redevelop the water between Telangana

and Andhra Pradesh because now it is two state

so for all these things we don't have Solutions both we need lot of discussions for this they are demanding

a state if you don't called as gorkha land gorkha land means the area Darjeeling is the core and whatever you

have the I mean ethnicity people parts of what you call Sikkim parts of yeah

Darjeeling is the core parts of Sikkim parts of Assam everything integrated they want Gorka land within

recently metaphor there's a demand called as greater thipra land there is demand for wither amount of

Maharashtra there is demand for saurashtra of Gujarat there is demand for bundelkan bhagaland

so so many things are going lanak as I said so there are demands but it is not

so easy for us to create because in India development is in such a way that it is all concentrated in few areas with

even if you take Karnataka even in Karnataka there is a kind of demand Bangalore we all know that obviously the I.T Capital all those things Bangalore

continues 70 percent of karnataka's GDP now if you want to create other state

where do you where do you maintain them

so that's the reason first we need lot of Tire to Tire three cities and all those things but we are unable to do it

so hence all these problems it's a very very complicated process right we'll write that whatever I told

you now is what you call as if do you need more in more smaller States or not answer is obviously yes because we need

or as you can't manage plus but you should also be aware of the challenges

clear that aspect let's I think you've got a broader idea about the state's organization now below you clarify

the commission suggested recommended

the commission recommended creation of 16 States

the commission suggested creation of commission recommended creation of

16 States and three centrally administered territories

16 States and three they had used the word not Union territory centrally administered

territory 16 States three centrally administered territory was their recommendation then

what is the government of India do below that parliament passed

parliament passed seventh Constitutional Amendment 1956 you can have told you you

should actually not name the numbers but this number is because other Provisions were amended parliament passed seventh Constitutional

Amendment 1956 and States reorganization act 1956 both are

very important Landmark Amendment what Acts 7th Constitutional Amendment 1956

States reorganization act 1956 underlying both and created 14 States and six union

territories 14 States and six union territories

right in seventh Constitutional Amendment 56 States reorganization Act 1956.

okay so this had happened now of course the problems did not stop now the fourth one that is

a wedding reorganization after 1956. so 47 to 50 is one 50 to 56 is one after

56 is another one reorganization after 1956.

so we just broadly will write the facts what all happened after that

says huge list as I said 1960 1960.

Bombay state divided into 1966-0

Bombay state divided into obviously what Marathi speaking Maharashtra Gujarati

speaking Gujarat

divided into Marathi speaking Maharashtra Gujarati speaking Gujarat in fact there

was a problem even there just to give you a broad understanding so Bombay city was a major everything of course today

even today it's the financial capital of India versus now a lot of Gujarati said we have contributed a lot to the growth

of Bombay City we want it as common capital or they said make it as a capital of

Gujarat but where is Gujarat where is Mumbai where is Bombay

so finally government of India said because you guys are unable to settle marathis and gujaratis we will make

Bombay YouTube means what not even for Maharashtra not even like

chandigar problem because Chandigarh actually they wanted to give it to Punjab haryana doesn't agree now what

should we do then whatever the famous one if you guys are unable to settle the advantage is for

third person government of India makes it a UT and same thing that is they had decided

it for uh what do you call as this um Bombay also but then the marathis took

it as a very because if you live out if Bombay goes to government of India where will Maharashtra get its Revenue

imagine the revenue imagine the worth

so then a huge protest happened in fact a lot of almost 100 people died that is

famously was martyr's day in Maharashtra finally government of India said fine fine

because when hundred people die what will happen imagine the emotional impact they said fine let's settle the matter

Maharashtra and then rename it and give it to whom marathis that means it belonged to

Bombay city was made as the capital of Maharashtra that is the 1960 angle in 1961

1961 nagar haveli

nagar haveli merged into India

nagar haveli merged into India

fine just clarify there Portuguese had given it up in 1954

itself Portuguese had given up that means had

given it to India in 1954. Portuguese had given it to India in 1954

it was managed as an acquired territory till 1961.

remember a quiet territory now it was managed as acquired territory

it was managed as a quiet territory till 1961.

as an acquired territory till 1961 so then finally what we did what is it today

UT in 1961 it was made a UT

in Article 2 in 1961 it was made UT

it was made a UT then 1962

integrated into India article 2. remember because at the till then it was

not part of India now integrated into India article 2. 0

integrated into India

foreign

1961 till December 1961

it was controlled by Portuguese it was ruled by Portuguese so Indian army intervened in fact the

issue was discussed in United Nation also even in United Nations Portugal had

had argued that Goa should belong to them not here U.N it was Russia who backed us and

finally it was the pressure came towards India means in favor of India fine okay

so basic point is till December 1961 it was controlled but it was ruled by whom Portuguese then as I said Indian army

all those things 1961 1962 it was made a UT

1962 it was made UT

1962 it was made a UT

fine then again 1962 puducherry integrated into India

at that time not puducherry pondicherry fine

so if you want to rename pondicherry into puducherry how do you do it

article 3 so don't take it as article 3 is only about renaming the states

West Bengal to be renamed as Bangalore not only that is article 3 renaming of Union territory is also which one

article 3 only so again if you have the dot go clarify there in article three even renaming of which one union

territories is also under article 3. clear yeah if you have the doubt please clarify or else continue

fine so in 1954 in 1954 below that pondicherry in 1954

French agreed or French gave up gave it up to India

in 1954 French gave it up to India

fine then it was then they'll appoint an officer that many Managed IT in 1962 it

was made a UT

1962 it was made a UT fine these are all article three I've already mentioned sorry article two I've

already mentioned huh segregated yeah divide four components

they have [Music]

because historically obviously French used to control all those areas so it is remained like placing another point where it comes up

is does the people have the demand if people don't demand normally the fine

stethoscope only if there is a for Telangana to be created there's a popular people demand people protested

then the governments will respond oral status course there is a very famous point in administration which says do

not change those things which are working well let it continue

so some so this Administration Works something like that so keep continuing fine yeah

UT then 1963.

nagaland created out of Assam this is the first state I mean as I said nagaland was a Sasa was the only big one

so now the first state 1963 nagaland created out of Assam Naga Hills

all those things are there but basically nagaland created out of Assam

1966

Punjab divided into obviously we know just write that Punjab divided into

Punjabi speaking Punjab Hindi speaking haryana I think they called it haryanvi also

right okay so Punjabi speaking Punjab Hindi speaking haryana

not necessary yes in a way that is also there in every language is also there

right so that is not this is not Collision movement what happened in 1966 is a autonomy movement

because they don't at that time it was led by Master Tara saying if you want in margin you can write this movement was

led by Master Tara Singh so till then it was what that they need a surprise state for punjabis sick

people fine but what has started in 1980s what

is what is that that is successness if you want clarify margin

1980s secessionist movement called kalistan movement started 1980s

this secessionist kalistan movement started so kalistan is not for separate

state kalistan is for what country 1980s secessionist kalistan movement

started and who is the face of it obviously you might have seen the worries they Punjab now what is he

wearing like the dress everything led by not exactly led by actually there

were so many people but he's the emotional someone will become like a face right he's the face

led by bindran Wale he was the one who was hiding in that Golden Temple and then Indira Gandhi took away so many

issues you all know that Operation Blue Star and then Indira Gandhi's assassination Indian history changes

those are some made 1980s it was a completely huge we can call it as

technically there is a word called as tumultuous decade means very disturbing decade for India 1970 was one way

emergency but 1980s is this integration issues especially Punjab of course

Kashmir also Kashmir issue started in the 1980s which has still not stopped

1990s was a decade for this economy because 1981 reforms and everything politically 80s was very disturbing

because one Indira Gandhi assassination to more or less Rajiv Gandhi assassination also 1992 it happened fine

but still more or less the same 1991 means so all sort of things changed in that five seven years ayodhya movement

started then again changed India forever so like that huge issues happened

Independence history don't worry I'm just integrating so that you get a clarity

okay so what did you do it huh so Punjabi Punjab and haryana the

next one I mean clarify their itself or you can write it as 1971.

1971 Himachal Pradesh

Himachal Pradesh made into a state so earlier it was UT

now it is my state Himachal Pradesh made into a state

71 this is 72 72 because 1971 may obviously Bangladesh

was created so Bangladesh and Northeast is all integrated we all know that obviously geographically hence we wanted to do

something in Bangladesh I mean something to be Northeast that's what 1972

reorganization of Northeast 1972 reorganization of Northeast

and what all happened meghalaya Manipur tripura made into States

Manipur tripura made into States

then mizoram arunachal Pradesh made into UT

nizaram and arunachal Pradesh made into union territories

made into UTIs okay that is a major reorganization here for Northeast as I said the reason 1971

Bangladesh was created so we wanted to avoid for any further problems hence

reorganized then 1975 Sikkim integrated into India

Sikkim integrated into India so write few points and then I'll tell you the details

Sikkim integrated into India keep running into points or below that first one

after Independence after Independence

Sikkim was Sikkim was made

was declared a protectorate state of India after Independence Sikkim was declared

protectorate that means India will protect you Sikkim was declared a protectorate state

for India or of India so underlying that phrase protectorate State what do you mean by that clarify

it means India will protect Sikkim

it means India will protect Sikkim in the matters of Defense XL of s communication

India will protect Sikkim in the matters of Defense action Affairs communication and as I said it was ruled by whom

yeah below that it was ruled by keep running in points it was ruled by chogyal Dynasty that means it was a

monarchy actually it was ruled by chogyan c-h-o-g-y-a-l

ogyan Dynasty whatever so many King names will be there that's all not necessary for us

ruled by the chogyal dynasty then what happened because of the people's protest

because of people's protest Sikh an agreement was signed with India

or an agreement was signed with Sikkim anything you can write because the people's Protestant

agreement was signed an agreement was signed

and 35th Constitutional Amendment 1974 was passed

35th Constitutional Amendment 1974.

35th Constitutional Amendment 1974 was passed

and Sikkim was given associate state or Sikkim was made an associate States

and Sikkim was made and Associate State now see a soul

protectorate became associate means what earlier it was like what Sikkim was like

a separate country you know it was ruled by whom dynasty of course British it was Sikkim

was also under actually what pradi British control all those things during British era after Independence what we

did we gave up the rule to themselves that you manage by yourself yourself means Jogia Dynasty we did not integrate

them into India while it remained like that they used to rule but then what happened by 1970s because

of India's progress people of Sikkim started to protect saying we want to be in with India but the King was not ready to give the

control obviously any Monarch will not give the control as I said because you will become a Democrat part of democracy then hence a mid path was identified

that is this mid path called as associate state it was a special category given to Assam sorry given to

Sikkim not completely part of India not completely separate also somewhere mid

path some lot of special Provisions were given to them associate State Article 2 capital A was added so many things were

there that's not necessary because you don't have it no basically 35th amendment was passed in 1974 Associates

state that means if you aren't in bracket you can write not completely integrated with India

so that you get a clarity like how you have it today it was not like that not completely merged integrated with

India Sikkim was given an associate State category or status

that means not completely integrated with India so then people of Sikkim were not happy that's when next one in 1975

a plebiscite was conducted that's what broadly take it as what

1970 5 was conducted

and what is obviously they choose yeah people of Sikkim voted to come to be

completely integrated with India 1975 plebiscite was conducted

people of Sikkim voted to be completely merged integrated with

India completely integrated with India it's fine so one status first is

completely as a separate country then a mid path then now completely must then what we did that's the next one

36th Constitutional Amendment 1975 was passed

36th Constitutional Amendment 1975

36th Constitutional Amendment 1975 was passed again I am telling you this is done under article to itself actually

there is no need of this amendment but why was this amendment given then to provide article 371 F other provision

36th Constitutional Amendment 1975 was passed to provide article 371 capital f

special Provisions to Sikkim article 371 capital f

special provision what kind of federalism I've already mentioned all these things

asymmetric not quasi asymmetric find 371 F special provision was

provided to Sikkim

got an idea how the Sikkim integration happen all those things then its normal one

so if you want again go through the chronology if you have a good place on that's really important one at least

conceptually you need to understand do you understood why the number is

given right 36 35 everything because other provisions of constitution were

also like 371 even if was added and so many other things were changed not because of integration integration is

normal article two there is no determined or 368 is not needed

ask is fine foreign

ography of Sikkim it is closely associated with Nepal and then on on the

North you have the Tibet region or let's say China region of course yes and Sikkim is very crucial even for us

because if China gets control of Sikkim then it would be a huge huge strategic in the setback for us because if they

get control of that remember a few years back you had a issue called us

um

itself I think dispute but what happened in Jammu

Kashmir wasn't it correct

remember that so because China had a little penetrated there so Sikkim you have that area there imagine what is the

control get the second control of Sikkim then they can cut off entire Northeast from India because India is connected

mainstream India is connected to them through what if you cut off that

entire Northeast huge issues will happen hence we need to have very good that's why it was integrated it's a very good

move for Indian sake because you need India I mean Sikkim to be part of integral part of India that's the reason

we will be ready to give so much of financial into Bhutan also because or else if Bhutan gets into the

I mean friendship or whatever you call it as of China but Bhutan is also more or less they don't imagine then

yeah like that those are that's why it is all very very important find International relation angle that they'll take it there

no that time obviously what will happen wherever you have greater demand arunachal Pradesh because remember China

is still claiming arunachal Pradesh China calls arunachal Pradesh at South tribute hence the problem is still

greater there so and it was only what it was only 1962

maybe there will not be any greater demand movement was not happening hence we failed let's make it easy because if

you make it you take who is having control government of India but later it is also made that will right now

fine mizoram was still having problems there was a movement going on called as mizo National friend was there there was

conducting a lot of movement that's itself used now you call it as what you call made their own parties everything

is there but basically there was a problem so there was a person called as long linga so there there was there they

had a movement there misos

Liberation Front of Assam so huge problems were there more or less

everything has been solved so due for this Rajiv Gandhi had played a greater role because he had signed an agreement with us in Assam all Assam students

union agreement as that's what famously called as Assam Accord with misos he signed an agreement with for tripura he

signed an agreement for nagas he said for everything in Northeast he signed agreements

a lot of problems got solved after that that's when you had the next one 1987.

made into States

so mizo Accord was signed 87 arunachal Pradesh Goa made into States

and Goa made into States

find 87. then 2000

another major reorganization 2000 which we know obviously

you can write any name foreign

when there is 2000 because that also was movement going on for a long time because the people of jharkhand felt we

have all the resources we give it like in the areas in and around Patna benefit chattisgarh people failed we have all

the resources I don't know areas Bhopal and indoor benefit what should we do and there was also a

cultural angle because jharkhand all these areas are largely yeah tribal culture is there everything

will be different so languages will be different so Hindi domination so many issues were there so that's why they

made their own whatever movement movement was there like that many things were going on

right and that is one uh there is two thousand then 2014.

2014 we have already mentioned just like that Telangana out of Andhra Pradesh

then 2019 Jammu this via first one is what Jammu

Kashmir made into state divided into two UTS 2019 Jammu Kashmir made into State sorry

made into UT and divided into two duties

and made into two duties find that you know I don't have to mention all those things you know done then 2020 we have already mentioned all

these things DD DNH merged 2020 DD DNH must

right yeah now because you as a Kashmir run actually how did it

happen so you have article 370 abrogated I'll not dictate if you want

just note down the process nobody will ask you this because it's all still quote scared suspending both are controversies obviously nobody will ask

just as a police student if you want to understand broadly abrogation in 2019

fine what did they do actually what has to happen is based on article in article 370 itself they have given the procedure

if you want to abrogate it abrogate means what

non-effective non-enforceable

non-effective that means it is still there in the Constitution we are not implementing it it does not

have any Force fine now as mentioned in 371 if you want

to make it non-enforceable because a lot of provisions of Indian constitution were not applicable there IPC was not

applicable they hadn't they were what is there is their own code so fine so they had

run huh so Ranbir Ranbir Penal Code so that they

don't have made it RTI was so many acts were not applicable Finance the right to property was still there as a

fundamental right there there was a concept called as permanent residence of Jammu Kashmir article 35 Capital

permanent residence of Jammu Kashmir means they had categorized some people as permanent residence based on sound so

documents you are born here all those things only they can buy property in jamun Kashmir

when there's a provision 35 capital A and another provision was that let us say for example a male Jammu Kashmir

permanent resident marries a female outside Jammu and Kashmir the property will stay with him we'll

continue for their sons and daughters let's say female the permanent resident of Jammu Kashmir marries outside the

property will not be given to her I mean her children because the reason is what if you if a

female of Jammu Kashmir is outside an outsider will come and get settled here the male angle is associated there that

means if a female marries outside you'll your pay your children will not get property

if a male marries outside children will get property all these things were there 35 years

and of course there was a lot of criticism that 370 is a barrier for complete integration of Jammu Kashmir

into India all those issues were going on those are all completely different why the Jammu Kashmir Israel I can't get

into those things that's part of security so basically if you want to abrogate 370 the procedure was the

original this actual procedure actual procedure is president this is under 370 itself

president can abrogate it means end it because according to

Constitution itself is a temporary transitional provision precedent can abrogate it on the recommendation of

on the recommendation of constituent assembly of Jammu and Kashmir now this

is the trick here this is the provision that how can president do it go get the

recommendation of whom Jammu and Kashmir constituent assembly

because remember Jammu and Kashmir had its own Constitution that means they had a constitution was made by a constituent

assembly that was what was mentioned now what is the point you are doing it in 2019

in 2019 how will you have constant assembly you will not have consonant assembly

that's why there is an article called as article three and I mean obviously article 367 for 366 also

which is called as reinterpretation of the terms mentioned in the Constitution

so you can reinterpret terms mentioned in Constitution means you may have

someone some word mentioned in Constitution but you would have mentioned it at that time now obviously

meanings would have changed so that's why what is the power it gives you a power to reinterpret the

words reinterpret means you understand right this word means not so on so it means today so and so you can

reinterpret that means X is not equal to x x is equal to y you can reinterpret it that power was

given now how did they reinterpret it hence they reinterpreted that because there is no constraint assembly

they said constant assembly of Jammu Kashmir we will reinterpret it as

State Assembly of Jammu and Kashmir

they reinterpreted it now in 2019 already they had already dissolved it emergency was put in

2017-18 itself I think 18 itself one year before itself that means what you don't have

there is no legislature there is no assembly there it is ruled by a governor hence they said because there is no

assembly we will reinterpret it as governor of jnk

that means that simple point president can abrogate it on the

recommendation of whom governor of Jammu Kashmir governor who will appoint

Center will appoint that means what then that said they said we will ask the

governor obviously Governor will tell what can you say no even if he says no president can remove

the governor anytime how will president Act based on the recommendation of Council

of Minister means pm that means what typically whatever PM wants

that will happen hence Governor's recommendation was taken abrogation it was done through an order

called as constitutional order

constitutional order application to Jammu Kashmir

2019 so first they did is so what is the impact of this entire Indian

constitution extended to JK means this provision that provision

nothing entire one

entire Indian constitution extended to JK

automatically then what will happen whatever you have got special status what will happen to them

370 abrogated gone now this is what is questioned in

Supreme Court saying can you read yes 367 provides you an option for reinterpretation does it mean you

reinterpret any which way the way you want to is the question in Supreme Court because a lot of people arguing saying you

should have amended the Constitution by the parliament but this is not an amendment look at it

it's an order given by whom precedent how will the president give

the order Council of ministers where is the parliament involved

hence the controversy hence the legal question which is spending in Supreme Court Supreme Court has not looked into

it right from 2019 till now so whenever the issue comes up we have to see what will happen until then it

stays then after this what happened because entire Indian constitution applies now because originally what have happened

under article 3 remember you have Parliament whatever Parliament wants they can they can do it let's say

directly if when 370 is there you cannot divide Jammu Kashmir reason article 370 and the Jammu Kashmir

Constitution says you cannot make any changes in the borders of Jammu Kashmir boundaries of Jammu Kashmir without the

permission of Jammu Kashmir assembly this is what is said where 370 special status now what happened to

370 370 is gone that means then comes your

this you cannot bring the bill before because if you try to bring this you're

violating Constitution because you have to ask whom first not like how you do it for Andhra

Pradesh just ask there you do whatever you not like that they should agree then you make any changes

now the provision itself is gone now what you do that's what JK first

UT then

so this is the entire procedure it is completely designed like that now this is what is questioned in

Supreme Court the entire thing what will they say and that we have to wait so that's left to them to take the

call because they are the ultimate interpreters got an idea

president according to the 370 to 61 66671 president can reinterpret the terms of

the Constitution but president can't do it on his own advice of com in simple words

prime minister so that is how it happens

if you want to repeal it you have to amend the Constitution Constitution 368 special majority

anything you can do that's obvious you can do anything obviously but the

point is that's what because of so many issues see you had 371 also you have schedule five also you have scheduled

six also you have Jammu Kashmir is not the only area which has special provision we have already written asymmetric federalism so many 371 year

fees what asymmetric only it's not only Jammu Kashmir because Jammu Kashmir has a lot

of Pakistan angle Associated and the Border problem and the terrorism problem it is completely a different issue so we

have an MP from like many MPS from Jammu and Kashmir so there is no effect on those costs now they have reorganized it

that's why after this what they did they said we will create that problem for a topic is not done they have created a

delimitation commission Jammu Kashmir now will have earlier it used to have

two house assembly Council as of now it will only have assembly

which one this one only assembly legislative of course MPS will always be

their Lok Sabha MPS ladakh will only have one I think Lok Sabha MP one I

think yeah one Lok Saba MP I'm not sure I think one only numbers I'm not sure but you they have Lok Sabha

MP that means what they don't have there is no legislative assembly

sir how emergency happened in 2018 the emergency in the sense this is not

this is President's rule state emergency

you know what they did they took back the support and said we'll impose we need to support the government put it

under president's rule wait for one year bring president's order wait bring Jammu

Kashmir reorganization Bill done divided now sir why are they doing all these

things because it's a new T now if you're a YouTuber government of India's control that means

completely everything is under government of India's control that's the overall thing sir is it good

or bad that's subjective that you have to take the call but this is the procedure I am telling factually

fine that the Supreme Court will tell is it constitutional unconstitutional we and you are nobody to tell

leave it to them God in India yeah fine so this is the

union and its territories chapter which is the bigger one now for the heading which is a upsc Mains question angle

creation of small states I've already told you the reasons we'll write the points that's it

creation of small states when

did you note down these points yeah if you want to understand the process no just no done nobody will ask

you but to understand conceptual clarity creation of small states under that for

the submitting Arguments for that means why should we create Arguments for small states

yes sir we need small states these are the arguments Arguments for so write the arguments

first one why do you need small states Auto logically you think where do you need

first one first one better Administration in case

of small areas better Administration in case of small

areas or small states better Administration in case of small

states then next one

policies can be made policies can be made

considering policies can be made considering the

local needs and demands because you can focus better

policies can be made considering the local needs and demands

considering the local needs and demands that is two three

in constituent assembly

inconstituent assembly ambedkar had argued

ambedkarat said that in constituent assembly ambedkar had

said that a country like India needs

ambedkar had said that a country like India needs around 55

like us that means he had U.S in mind country like India needs around five zero fifty states

country like India needs around 5-0 States fine then

linguistic reorganization in south and west

linguistic reorganization in the south and west

has helped in its complete integration with India

linguistic reorganization in South and West has helped in its complete

integration that means after you created language based test there is no concept of secession in the South and West

nobody is asking that we need the demand itself is not there has helped them in its come so that

means same concept will happen in other areas also is the arguments for complete integration with India

then recognition of

recognition of the genuine public demand like Telangana

one recognition of the genuine public demand

recognition of genuine public demand will enhance or will improve

recognition of genuine public demand will enhance India's unity and integrity

will enhance India's unity and integrity for example Telangana movement

because Telangana movement was from 1940s itself right from Independence example the

Telangana movement while these are all obviously why we

need more stress better Administration development problems this that you can also address connection you can write it

can also address the problem of regional imbalances

it can also address that I have already explained you within a state you have part better developed that one

it can also address the problem of regional imbalances within the states for example with arba

it can also address the problem of regional imbalances within the states example with arba

remember I have already told you what are they are all called as what former suicides capital of the country so

example the vedar by issue so these are all yes you need small states but as I said it's not so easy

challenges challenges in creating new states or small states

challenges in creating small state this was a upsc question and a very very famous question actually

challenges in creating new States first one as I said what is the challenge it will create a domino effect Domino means

if you solve one or if you agree to work one's demand another will start another will start

chain snowballing also they call it a Snowball Effect it will start a domino effect d i m i m

m i n o domino effect it will start a domino effect

fine which may affect sovereignty and integrity India's 70.

which may affect India's sovereignty and integrity

which may affect India's sovereignty and integrity find two

second as I said what is the problem um Financial angle Financial

resources Financial Resources e is a huge problem

for small states which lack financial problem or financial resources

money in simple words GDP is a huge problem for small states which

lack is a huge problem for small states which lack obviously what do they lack which

lack Capital Cities infrastructure natural resources

Etc which lack Capital Cities

infrastructure means roads Bridges dams whatever you call it as infrastructure natural resources it may be reverse it

may be I don't know coal whatever environment whatever you call it as

infrastructure and natural resources etcetera example

problem faced by Andhra Pradesh in creating a new capital

example problem faced by Andhra Pradesh

in creating new capital problem faced by Andhra Pradesh in

creating new capital when there is another one then it may increase

water and Border disputes because more States more problem

it may increase Interstate water and Border disputes

Interstate water and Border dispute example Krishna River or Krishna water should be

subdivided between Telangana and Andhra Pradesh now

example Krishna river water should be subdivided between Telangana and Andhra Pradesh

now obviously Telangana will that's obvious every state will ask more water the problem will keep continuing

it should be subdivided between Telangana and Andhra Pradesh then creating small state

may not lead to may not necessarily lead to creating a small state

may not necessarily lead to better development that means just because you create a small state there's no

guarantee that you will have development or you will solve all the problems creating a small state may not

necessarily lead to better development may not necessarily lead to better

development for example chattisgarh jharkhand still face the problem of nuxilism

foreign

still face the problem of naxalism and what are they they are still

they are still that means those States they are still ranked low in state HDI index means if

you rank the states HD means what human development index statewise if you rank it chattisgarh of course they're still

in the same more or less almost like the last five six there they are still lying ranked below

in the state HDI index I mean you can counter it also saying sir it's just 20 or sir you still want more time you can

also control it's already been 20 years sir what did they do so it's like the view it will always be

there when the next another one uh small state okay problem we have written

coordination between the states coordination between the states

to tackle problems like coordination between the states

to tackle problems like to tackle problems related to global

warming climate change covet because every state will have their own

concern coordination between the states to tackle problems related to global

warming climate change or covered kind of events will be a huge problem

will be a huge problem fine so like that if your other points you will get if you search but broadly

you got an area so then what should we do then Way Forward

Way Forward first one we need second stage reorganization

Commission because first race reorganization commission was which year 1953 report is

1956 1953 this is 2023 how many years

70 years we need second stage reorganization Commission to address the challenges of 21st

century that was taught us which year which century 20th now we are in 21st

we need second stage reorganization Commission to address the problems of 21st century because now at that time

language was a major issue now there is no major language based demand it's all some other it's a combination mostly

development problem today when to address the problems of the 21st Century Two

promote decentralization promote decentralization

promotes decentralization by empowering local bodies means panchayats and municipalities

promote decentralization by empowering local bodies

by empowering local bodies to address to address problems of development and

Regional imbalance that means if you address this problem automatically then the problems of new States not come up

empower the local bodies to address the issues of development and

irritable Regional imbalance then three only genuine public demand

only genuine public demand

which is long term means not like one year you had a movement agree to them not like that only genuine public demand

which is which is long term has to be accepted

like the Telangana one has to be accepted

genuine public demand which is a long term one has to be accepted fine

yeah this is more or less the points related to reorganization of states

Union and territories part one of the Constitution fine go through it if you have any notes

please ask

that's what I just clarified Suman it is first point it is not National

Emergency it was State emergency that is President's rule because no party was

able to form the government that will understand better when you discuss emergency

any clarification needed people

then we'll directly go to the most important chapter of quality citizenship I'll do it later because it's a very small one

what is the most important chapter reading fundamental rights

no I understand just for the even I have done it already for four four and a half hours I've done in the

morning and I am very very tired just put the heading that's it don't worry

fundamental rights so this what we did is part one chapter one chapter two is citizenship Article

Five to article 11 that will do it later because it's a small chapter and only very you don't have questions from there

conceptually I'll take care we'll do it at the end but uh fundamental rights part three

part three fundamental rights part three article 12

to article 35 as I said part two is Article 5 to 11

this is 12 to 35. fine

yeah so broadly what do you mean by right just a brief or what is right because there's so many other types of

Rights we need to discuss what do you mean by right in general everybody keeps telling like this is my

rights this is my what is right only

so by the moment you say right it is something which is universal something which is inherent something which is a

claim against the state it's an entitlement it's entitlement for you it's a claim against the state in other

words simple it is inherent In You by the time you are born as human being so many other types are there we'll discuss

in general State cannot governments in simple words cannot take it away from you that's why it is keep you keep

calling it as right because when you say it as a right that means what someone is affecting it that's why you're telling

don't take it away from me that's why you keep telling means don't take it away from me it's part of it how did it

evolve of course it's a long history is there you can trace it right back to I think aristotles are everybody that's all not necessary for us in polity

in the recent times you have so many things called as natural rights that's something which amazes from nature how

was it defined how did what did Walters mostly broadly the three types of natural rights then in modern times that

is after U.N emerge there is the concept called as human rights evolved natural rates progressed and became more

more broader concept called as human rights within that there are five generation of Rights then a concept

called as fundamental rights constitutional rights legal rights so

like the five types of rights are there how did that evolve what are the different types and then what is this article 12 what is

the nature of Rights all those things we'll discuss a very very important chapter in fact the most important chapter of quality is this Parliament is

the biggest one of course that is also more important from question wise conceptually this is the most important

fine will start afresh I mean from tomorrow