L4

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so good morning everyone so welcome to the third class and uh in this class probably

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we'll be covering our backlogs and we'll be entering the extremist era sorry moderate era

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and once we are done with the moderates we'll have to rush to the extremists and then

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probably will have to welcome gandhi so always like will keep the

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class interesting and entertaining but today in order to cover the backlogs

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i need to cut other stuffs and focus only on the subject fine please bear with me for today and

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tomorrow onwards the classes will be as usual fine uh this is a request on my side

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and sorry for the inconvenience cost yesterday there was a like power cut for last

1:05

three to four hours yesterday therefore like there was a failure of the system and uh

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that led to the inconvenience we regret it fine so we'll start

1:19

so yesterday like let us have a slight recap of things that we studied yesterday one thing is

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like good morning and even today

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please promise fine

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if you want to meet gandhi you have to promise them so as we know

1:40

modern education and western thoughts role of press and literature expose of economic exploitation

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understanding the true nature of british policies social religious reform movements

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unification of the country in terms of social economic and administrative perspective and then

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rediscovery of the past so with respect to the modern education and western thoughts

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with respect to the modern education and western thoughts what was the intent of introducing the modern education in india one

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to have a cheap supply of indians to do the clerical jobs

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second one to act as interpreters are the mediators between the masses and the rulers

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third one to create a class that is always loyal to the britishers who are indian in color

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and blood but british in test and intellect but an untended unintended effect of this

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particular policy change was there was a birth of

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a class of educated indians who could differentiate between the conditions existing in the

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indian and also in the western society even though we were ruled by the britain

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they could see the changes in the systems so there they had

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democracy equality liberty fine they had industries but in india

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there was no democracy there was racial discrimination there was no liberties

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and then in india the british policies had led to the de-industrialization

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so the educated set of indians realized these differences and they started

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mobilizing the masses to demand the britishers to grant them these things

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fine and it also led to the rise of middle class intelligence as i told you

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they are the urban middle class intelligentsia who are the first ones or who are the pioneers to get the english

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education and they utilize the education to understand the contrasting differences between the

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indian and the western situation by understanding the contrasting situation they started demanding the

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british administrators to bring india in par with the western societies that was

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their demands their early set of demands was introduction of democracy or providing us the representation to

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practice equality to grant us the civil liberties to establish industries in india so that even indians can get the

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job and india can also economically develop fine so this was their intent and i told you

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numerous persons like dada bhai naroji rajaram mohan roy they were the early class of

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educated indians and role of press what was the role of press the role of press was to

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propagate the ideas fine it was to spread the ideas so these people

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they had understood the differences between the indian and the western society now they need to spread

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it to the larger masses larger audience whatever they have understood they need to tell it to other people how what was

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the means it was through newspaper and through books they started explaining to the indian

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masses regarding the prevailing conditions in india and what was needed fine and through newspapers they also

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started mobilizing the popular opinion regarding the reforms fine they were politically educating the

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masses they were educating the muslims about the prevailing situations in india they were educating the muscles about the exploitation

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by the british authorities fine and literature have told you numerous books

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poverty and unbeatable in india the economic history of india and write down two other books

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nil darpan nil darpan

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it is a book by deena bando mitra neela darpan

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this book is regarding the indigo rebellion that happened in

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1850s and early 1860s late 1850s and early 1860s nil darpan

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it is a book written by deen bandu mitra right down in the margins this these are

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things that are important for prelims deena bandu mitra

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audio is quite low

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indigo rebellion that happened in 1850s and 60s and write down about one more book

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anand mutt anand mutt

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anand

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rebellion

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and this year there was a question on a book called as

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they share they share we will discuss more about it

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during the swadeshi movement during the extremist phase okay i will explain you everything in

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the extremist phase and i'll put up this question on the board and you will tell me the answer

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don't look at the question as of now i want you to answer this question using the things

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that i explained to you in the class fine so there are a lot of questions coming up in your psc

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which are not i mean which are not directly from the book it needs application of your knowledge

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fine this is one such question i'll help you to solve it don't worry okay and

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regarding expose of economic exploitation so we got to know what was the

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contribution of india's to world gdp in the year 1700 and what was it in the

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year 1950 fine so it had actually decreased

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it had actually decreased it was almost point four percent or twenty five percent

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in seventeen hundred and it decreased to just four percent in

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nineteen fifty why this happened because in 1700

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india was the net exporter of goods goods as in the form of spices

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tea cotton cotton goods silk all these were the primary

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items of our export through this we were getting like lot of revenue inflow fine we had

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positive i mean we had trade surplus fine our exports were more than our

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imports and india was one of the richest country in the world and we were dominating the world trade like we alone accounted for

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25 of the global gdp that was the kind of domination we had on the world trade but gradually

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this decreased to just four percent why it was due to the de-industrialization

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our domestic industries were destroyed by the britishers because they transformed india into a subservient trading partner

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they used to export the raw material from us and import the finished goods leading to

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the closure of our domestic cottage industries the artisans and handicrafts who lost

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the job they entered the agriculture however agriculture was already less productive because of lack of

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irrigation lack of advanced uh farming methods and there was overcrowding of

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agriculture because a lot of soldiers belong to different indian kings they were disbanded and the soldiers who lost the job they

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entered agriculture artisans who lost the job they entered agriculture agriculture was overcrowded

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and this problem is bothering the indian economy even today okay

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so our early nationalists they clearly expose the sort of economic exploitation

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that was imposed i mean done by the britishers through various means

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fine one was through land revenue policies second one was through export import policies third one was through

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wars numerous wars they waste fine to expand their empire at the cost of indian taxpayers money fine indo afghan

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wars indo burmese wars all these wars were fought on the indians money and finally as we discussed the salaries

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of the british soldiers the salaries of the british officials were paid by the indian taxpayers money all their

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expenses were made through indian taxpayers money okay so all this led to the severe

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economic exploitation it was clearly highlighted in the theory of drain of wealth

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okay theory of drain of wealth so which book talked about theory of drain of wealth

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data by narrow this poverty and british school in india this was the book which gave something called as the theory of

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drain of wealth fine how indian wealth drained towards england slowly we were

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very rich but within 250 years we were impoverished so what happened to all our

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wealth it was slowly drained towards british systematically in a very systematic manner

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fine and then understanding the true nature of the british policies so the early educated

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indians many of them that expectation that britishers the british rule in india is a sort of

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boon to indians because in the books what they had studied was

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the western society is one of the rational and the most developed society

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fine rational scientific and the most developed society and they had heard about the colonies of the british like

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canada australia and they are heard about the wealth or riches of england itself

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so now they were excited that british are ruling india so they thought

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they would introduce a similar type of development they would introduce similar type of reforms in india also

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fine in britain we have democracy they thought fine in india also they will introduce democracy

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fine there was equality there was liberty there was industries they thought british would introduce all these things

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in india and would help indians prosper in every aspect of life but this did not happen

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and at the i mean and what they realized was the exact opposite things were happening

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the british rule in india was leading to de-industrialization our artisans our craftsmen they were losing the jobs

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fine our industries were closing down because they could not compete with the cheap machine made goods of the british

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industries fine and our farmers they were being exploited in two ways one they did not

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get good returns for the crops which they cultivated second thing they had to pay high amount

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of land revenues and this british administration introduced lot of intermediaries in the form of

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zamindars taluk dars money lenders etc all of them are exploiting our indian farmers fine

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apart from this there were certain events that happened in the

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1870s that strengthened our understanding that strengthened our conviction

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regarding the british rule that is british doesn't care about the development of india

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in any manner all they mean is about exploiting india and its resources

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fine their intentions were clearly exposed to us in the decade of 1870.

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what were the things that signified us i mean which indicated to us one is

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ilbert will controversy when the

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ilbert a law member in the republicans vice versa executive council he sought to

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introduce judicial equality and he wanted to remove the

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racial bias in the judiciary by allowing indian judges to adjudicate

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the cases involving the europeans now the bill was taken back

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and ilbert was forced to resign fine so not only britishers but the entire

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european community came together and protested against this particular bill so this showcase to us the importance of

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unity fine despite the rivalries back at home despite their trade conflicts

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in the matter of race they all came together and fought together so this was a sort of lesson to

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us this showed us that we need to overcome our differences in order to put a united front against a common enemy

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fine and then when the indian newspapers especially the vernacular newspaper started criticizing the misrule of the

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britishers like waging the afghan war when the people of bengal

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are dying out of starvation during the royal bengal feminine of 1870s

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fine waging the war at the cost of indians and then royal dharbar of 1878.

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so when indians were dying out of starvation they were conducting dharbar of their queen lavishly they were spending millions on it

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fine so all these things they clearly exposed to us the misrule of the britishers the

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expectation we had towards the britishers and the reality was totally contrasting fine it was totally opposite many

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indians they realized it some indians they did not but many indians they realized this they were looking for an

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opportunity to preach nationalism politically educate the masses and

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launch a struggle against the britishers they were waiting for the opportunity but this contributed to the rise of

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nationalism they understood the exploitative nature of the british school in india this was clear to them

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okay and then social religious reformers as we discussed

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indian society was riddled with numerous issues like social evil superstitions

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inequalities etc so in order to bring the masses together the first thing needed was to educate them so that with

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the help of the education with the help of the modern education they receive they will be able to discard the social evils irrational practices like

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untouchability fine discrimination against women they have no religious sanction also but

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still it was practiced so with the help of the modern education the reformers thought education will

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clearly help them identify the social levels and they will understand the importance of

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equality fine the important thing was one was regarding the gender

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discrimination another was regarding the caste discrimination this was two of their

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main intent gender and caste okay so

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they wanted to bring the indian masses together they wanted to remove the dividing lines

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see imagine what is the proportion of

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male to female in the indian society

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fine if you if at all if at all you keep them completely away

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from the freedom moment do you think freedom moment would be successful it is like a bird flying with just one

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wing imagine the bird flying with just one wing is it possible to fly higher

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no so without women the freedom movement would not have been much effective

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so who brought the movement to freedom moment it was the literacy they could understand the

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situation of the country so that they could enthusiastically take part in the freedom movement along with their male

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counterparts okay who took the first step forward to provide education to the women in india

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there were a lot of reformers fine jyoti ishwar chandra vidya sagar

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ramakrishna mission diana and anglo vernacular schools all of them played a prominent role in increasing the

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literacy among women and also among the downtrodden sections of the society okay

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disturbance in voice and video i don't agree with it yeah savitri by pulley true

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so some people are linking it to the

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current events like even today the nation is reeling under the effect

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of corona people are losing jobs the incidences of poverty are

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increasing economy is slowing down

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fine but still government is focusing on building new parliament new temples

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to an extent it is true but new parliament is very much needed because

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the strength combined strength of the parliament as of now

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we need to increase the strength why

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day limitation is pending and if the number of seats in the parliament

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is increased as per the population probably we might have 1200 mps

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1200 mps in both like accounting for both lok sabha and rajya sabha it is very much under consideration increasing

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the number of seats in the parliament so you cannot make the mps

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stand on a corner and take part in the session there are our representatives so

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that is the reason the parliament was much needed

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parliament was much needed but i don't think it is the same case with other things fine i don't like to

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elaborate further on those things fine delimitation exercise yes

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if it is happening in 2024 means you need to be ready before that fine

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so we were discussing about

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social religious reformers they helped the masses come together imagine for example

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if gandhi visits your village if gandhi visits your village in

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1920 imagine there was no socialist reformers

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fine there were no reformers and there was no reform movements in india till then gandhi visits your village and gandhi

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gives all the villages a very good speech regarding the nationalism national

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struggle why we should wage a war against the i mean why we should fight against the british rule the injustice they made it out to

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indians gandhi will clearly explain it to you he will request all of you to join your hands

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with him fine you will tell okay

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imagine there are two persons in the village one belongs to the upper cast and one belongs to the untouchable cast

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fine and if the untouchable even he is willing to join gandhi in his march

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do you think the other people in the village will also walk along with gandhi

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if the sense of untouchability had prevailed do you think if untouchable if he decides to walk

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along with gandhi do you think other people of the village will also walk along the gandhi

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no that will not happen because he is an untouchable and if in case

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gandhi greets him gandhi huks him what will happen then

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the people of belonging to the upper cash will not touch gandhi only

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fine see you should thank the socialist reformers

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because they played a greater role in alienating the sense of caste from the minds of the rural masses

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fine even today even today 66 of the indians live in

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rural areas only 33 lives in the urban areas fine

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without the participation of the rural masses do you think our freedom movement would have been successful

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now it is 66 33 66 percent of people in rural areas only 33 in urban areas

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imagine the quantum back then 1920s it was like more than

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1919 so without participation of the rural massachusetts do you think the freedom movement would have been successful

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and who helped the rural masses to get educated social is reformers

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and who helped the removal of the carsons it was the social religious reformers

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okay they brought us the i mean they brought the sense of unity to our masses

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fine they gave us literacy they helped us differentiate between good and evil

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fine they played a prominent role in erasing the lines of caste

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fine so they played a prominent role and then

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unification of the country in terms of did we discuss this

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did we discuss this unification of the country okay

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does the volume of the increase moreover

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so unification in terms of political administrative and economic aspects see

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india during the 18th century

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we witnessed lot of wars starting from carnatic wars witnessed a lot of them carnatic wars

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battle of bhaksar battle of plassy anglo mysore anglo maratha wars battle of vandy bush battle of chinsura

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third battle of panipath fine witnessed lot of wars in the 18th century

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because of all these wars who will suffer the most

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common man one indian soldier was just a peasant in

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uniform indian soldier was just a present in uniform

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he had become a soldier just to take care of his family fine indian soldier was just a peasant

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in uniform p-e-a-s-a-n-t he was just a farmer and

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agriculturist but when time came he used to wield the sword just to take care of his family and to serve his master

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okay so now if the breadwinner is lost what will happen to the family

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poverty fine and in 18th century there were

26:18

numerous wars that was fought in india and due to this wars we had to suffer economically

26:25

socially and politically politically a foreign power came to india socially

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lot of families they lost their bread winner now they were poor lot of indians they

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lost their jobs fine and economically number of our exports

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it started declining our economic activities they started declining because whenever there is war whenever

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there is war the ruling power will impose more taxation on you there will be plundering

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there will be plundering as i told you plundering is nothing but looty the winning army will just travel

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through the villages or the cities they will loot whatever they want because they have just one

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okay this leads to lot of economic costs but

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but by the time the british has introduced the western education in 1820s 30s and

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all the peace had prevailed 1820s and 30s the peace had prevailed

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so many educated indians who had read about all these wars they thought

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britishers british rule is responsible for the prevailing peace in india if there

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were no britishers probably indians would still be fighting the war

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fine and due to our due to ours

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india was cut into numerous pieces numerous pieces

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mysore i mean raj of mysore raja tiruvankur rajav trichi nawaba

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we had more than 550 princely states so 550 princely states

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imagine like fighting amongst themselves how many wars would have happened in india so many educated indians they assume

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that the british fool is responsible for the prolonged phase of peace in india

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for them britishers appear to be the peacemakers in india and it is true

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to certain extent because in 19th century india we do not see many wars because britishers are already occupied

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majority of india by the end of 18th century okay and now

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there were not many wars and also and also as we told

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india had more than 550 princely states plus

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there were british provinces of madras of bombay of bengal of agra

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there were british provinces and it was british rule which held

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all these things together it was british rule which held all these things together

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so british rule was like a steel frame holding the india together fine

29:17

so after after mauryas

29:24

after guptas and after mughals

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india became united under a single rule was during the times of britishers

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only in certain points of history we were united under single rule

29:43

the entire india was under a single rule only in certain parts of our history that was under the rule of mauryas

29:51

guptas mughals and now under britishers we were united again and it was

29:58

britishers who gave us a proper political administrative and judicial setup so

30:04

that india could stitch together fine we had the idea of india we had idea

30:11

that we all belong to the bharatakanda fine we had idea that our country is great

30:17

we were proud about our culture but this sort of unity was imposed by the

30:22

british sword fine nobody talked about wars nobody talked about seceding from india because

30:29

of the fear of the britishers imagine if the nizam of hyderabad if you want to withdraw from india

30:36

will he dare to because britishers are ruling india if he rises in rebellion he'll be crushed

30:43

and it was due to the fear of the british war many princes remained within india remained with the union of india

30:50

fine so we should thank britishers to certain extent for unifying india

30:57

but later they were the reason for the partition of the country itself fine

31:02

during the post post-independence part we will discuss all those things but as of now uh the political unification or the

31:07

economic unification or the administrative unification of india was brought through britishers fine and

31:14

as i told you the modern means of transportation and communication they were the prime agents of unifying the

31:20

country fine they brought different parts of country together okay

31:32

which book i can find this in just write down the class notes more than enough

31:39

you can find lot of books the favorite book of you guys

31:46

spectrum okay spectrum is nothing but the summary of

31:52

five books one is grover and mehta vd mahajan

31:58

two bipin chandras fine two bipin chandras

32:04

and the ncrt spectrum is nothing but summary of these five books

32:10

ok but if you read spectrum you will not get the essence of the subject it is just a collection of facts spectrum just

32:18

as the collection of facts you can use it for revision but not for your first reading

32:23

fine you will mention lot of keywords but you will not explain any he'll mention lot of facts but you don't

32:28

know why it came fine once you know the story you know the history

32:36

you just need to fill in the names and dates that's all so just try to understand the essence of the subject

32:42

and later you can fill in the details okay so just focus on the classes don't worry

32:47

about anything else as i told you the chapters i cover are the topics i cover in the class after you go home try to

32:53

read the corresponding ncrts corresponding chapters in the ncrts class 8 and class 12 look for these

32:59

topics and revise it again if i had left something if i had left out something

33:04

just make a note of those topics or those facts in your class notes and make sure that you have just one source at

33:11

the end of the day this will help you for revision in the last minute don't maintain multiple sources

33:17

fine in your class notes itself if i missed any facts just write it down in the margins

33:24

at the end of the day you should have just one source you don't know the importance of revision as of now but

33:30

the day before the examination if you see a pile of books you are right to revise

33:36

that itself is enough to kill your confidence fine that is the reason i have one book

33:42

per subject not more than that okay

33:49

history of modern india should be it from starting

33:59

i don't know what is the starting that you are referring to if it is starting of the classes yes

34:05

from first class onwards whatever we discussed they are all relevant to the subject okay now

34:11

so the last thing is what we discussed was rediscovery of the past

34:17

so the britishers they were telling us that

34:24

india was the most uncivilized society fine the indians were the

34:30

barbarians we used to kill another human being for the sake of the food we indians were the nomads they were the

34:36

snake charmers there was not even an ayotte of civilization in indians indians were never civilized this was

34:42

what britishers telling us fine so they were propagating this

34:48

and they were telling we had invested our own resources to civilize indians if indians are wearing clothes today it is

34:54

because of us we civilize them if indians are speaking today in some language it is because of us before we

35:01

coming they used to speak the nomadic language so they claimed every

35:08

good thing for themselves and they told indians were uncivilized and we are

35:14

trying to civilize them and we are utilizing our resources to civilize them and this was called as theory of white

35:21

man's burden theory of white man's burden white man spending his own resources to civilize

35:28

the other countries to develop the other countries fine so this was the theory propagated by the

35:33

britishers to a certain extent even we believed that to certain extent even the educated

35:38

indians believed that we thought probably we did not have a good culture or a good

35:43

past probably we might be uncivilized probably britishers had helped us to get civilized but later

35:50

when there was emergence of uh great scholars as i told you swami dayananda saraswati

35:59

so they showed us the greatness of our scriptures cultures literature etc and there was discovery of indus valley

36:05

civilization which was regarded as the one of the most scientific and advanced civilization in the ancient times

36:13

fine and then there were certain european scholars who told us about our greatness

36:18

we did not know about our greatness they told us india is one of the country

36:24

which is a world in itself and max muller was of the opinion that sanskrit is the mother of all languages

36:31

so it is like we were shown the greatness of our culture by a european by a

36:36

foreigner and max muller put forward on more theory he told even indians they belong

36:43

to the aryan race he gave the concept of indo-aryan race so british are still now they were

36:49

telling that you belong to an inferior race and they are discriminating against us but now

36:54

when the maximum are told even indians belong to arya and race we got self-respect

36:59

we belong to the same race there should not be any discrimination okay we got the self-respect and the

37:05

confidence through all these factors there was sort of rise in nationalism

37:13

fine there was a increase in the sense of nationalism in the minds of indians

37:21

i told you what is nationalism nationalism is nothing but an ideal

37:26

it is an idea it is about uniting for a cause

37:32

fine what was the cause exploitation of our country

37:38

fine it is about uniting for an idea it is about making sure that the country's resources are utilized for the

37:44

well-being of the countrymen fine it is about protecting the sovereignty of our nation so nationalism

37:51

slowly started creeping into our minds and it started growing because of these factors and there are two other factors

37:57

please write on there are two other factors

38:02

i hope you remember all these things

38:30

influence of influence of contemporary world events influence of

38:37

contemporary world events

38:48

influence of contemporary world events right on the first point

38:54

early nationalists early nationalists

39:21

early nationalist what did you

39:27

ok some comments

39:33

so i don't know whether i should answer it or not fine

39:42

inspired or inspired by the ideals of or inspired by the ideals of

39:52

american revolution american revolution

39:58

in bracket you can write no taxation without representation

40:04

no taxation without representation no taxation without representation

40:16

influence of contemporary world events

40:23

inspired by the ideals of american revolution in bracket no taxation without representation and

40:30

close the bracket and french revolution french revolution

40:36

in bracket liberty equality and fraternity liberty equality and fraternity

40:46

liberty equality

40:57

and fraternity

41:04

find right on the next point the nationalist movements the nationalist movements

41:13

in happening in greece

41:19

greece

41:25

kama italy italy

41:31

and ireland ireland

41:37

also influenced also influenced

41:43

the indian nationalists

41:52

next point many educated indians many educated indians

42:01

were attracted towards many educated indians were attracted

42:07

towards the ideals of these movements

42:13

the ideals of these movements for example

42:19

for example surendranat banerjee

42:26

surendranath banerjee

42:32

gave a series of lectures

42:37

gave a series of lectures on mazani

42:43

m a z a n i

42:53

on mazani and this

43:01

young italy movement young italy movement

43:12

and also and also lala las patrai

43:18

la la las patrai frequently referred to

43:24

frequently referred to

43:32

garibaldi garibaldi

43:39

and this hundred

43:44

carbonaries are mercenaries garibaldi and is hundred carbonaries are

43:51

mercenaries

43:57

carbonaries is force have you seen three hundred movie

44:04

similar to that garibaldi has android men army of 100 men

44:11

fine so there was a question in upsc

44:18

i think in 2017 or 18 it was regarding the person

44:23

who had written the biography of garibaldi etc who was he

44:30

so now i think you are able to answer it lalala

44:44

fine let's move on to the next topic that is the role of

44:50

political organizations we are discussed about more unsure plus

44:56

this and now we will move on to the role of political organization in increasing the sense of nationalism

45:01

fine right on the next topic role of political organizations and this is a

45:07

very important topic because in prelims what i can see is

45:14

there is going to be like till 2018 till 2018

45:19

there is to be one question on the newspaper and one question on the association which association or which political party was found by this leader

45:27

they used to give numerous options which association of which political party was found by which person they

45:32

used to give numerous options it was either in the form of maths the following or they used to give numerous statements

45:38

but after 2018 including 2018 paper the trend has changed

45:44

fine earlier there used to be two questions one on one i mean one you belonged on the i mean one was on the newspaper

45:50

another one was on the political associations and since 2018

45:56

including both these topics there is only one question the question can be either on the

46:02

newspaper or any book or either on the association

46:08

okay so we talked about five to six newspapers and during the course of a discussion we'll discuss about at least

46:14

another 10 to 15 more newspapers fine as of now we know about five to six

46:20

newspapers and three to four books right

46:25

do you know it or not so from now on

46:33

this is a topic which has potential to fetch you two marks at least two marks okay please listen very carefully and

46:41

actually there is not many things left to explain in this particular topic

46:47

they are sort of factual upc can ask you a factual question from this topic who found it who are the founders of this

46:52

association i will give the match the following type of question or they will give the statement

46:58

fine which of the following are correctly matched or wrongly matched they can ask you such type of questions

47:03

so pay attention and listen to this topic okay role of political organizations

47:09

right on the next topic role of political organizations

47:26

i think class was online for everyone and as far as i know only technical team

47:34

won't make such chorus sound we feel betrayed sir

47:40

see i derive my energy from the crowd so

47:47

and made all the staff of insights sit in the classroom and they are making the noise

47:52

and don't feel betrayed ok you can like ask sachin also what

47:59

sachin rohit all of them are here

48:05

its not violation of article 14 under certain extraordinary circumstances even

48:12

article 14 are violated ok fine

48:18

so lets move on to the next slide role of political organizations please write down

48:24

these organizations were led by role of political organizations these

48:29

organizations were led by

48:37

educated middle class

48:43

educated urban middle class intelligentsia

48:48

educated urban middle class intelligentsia

49:03

having the having the

49:09

secular interests

49:17

next point these organization these organizations

49:25

voice their support voiced their support voy ced

49:31

voice they support for

49:37

local and regional grievances local and regional grievances

49:46

for example for example

49:52

puna sarvajanic saba puna sarvajanic saba

49:59

supporting the cause of puna sarvogenic saba

50:04

supporting the cause of farmers in deccan

50:12

farmers in decan in the wake of

50:18

in the wake of deccan riots

50:24

supporting the farmers in deccan in bracket you can write maharashtra

50:31

region maharashtra region during deccan riots

50:38

which here

50:44

in bracket right on 1870s

50:52

ok kama bengali intelligentsia bengali

50:58

intelligentsia

51:04

the educated people from bengal that's all supporting

51:10

supporting the farmers of farmers of

51:20

papna

51:26

bengali intelligence here supporting the farmers of pobna so papana is in which state

51:34

bengal

51:40

bengali intelligencing the intelligentsia supporting the farmers of pabna

51:45

and puna sarvajani saba supporting the farmers of dhaka in bracket maharashtra

51:51

during the deccan riots i'll explain you what were i mean what

51:56

was both deccan riot papa agitation etc when we discuss about the peasant moments but as of now

52:03

just ah stay put with this we'll explain it further like we will discuss all these

52:08

things in detail in length but as of now

52:14

why you allowed only few to attend

52:22

i did not follow sachin

52:27

and rohit they are part of insights they can attend any class they want

52:32

be it any optional or any class

52:37

fine ok right on the next point

52:47

these organizations these organizations

52:54

demanded reforms

53:03

demanded reforms in education

53:09

demanded reforms in education bracket universalization of education

53:15

universalization of

53:23

education comma

53:28

demanded indianization of civil services demanded

53:35

indianization of civil services

53:40

kama legislative reforms

53:47

legislative reforms

54:28

fine so let's start with organizations

54:34

let's start with organizations i hope the sound is on now don't worry there was a minor technical glitch

54:43

in 1836 in 1836 write down

54:49

write down in this form only if possible okay in 1836

55:14

the last word which i told was regarding the legislative reforms that's all now write down the

55:20

organizations indianization of civil services and then

55:26

legislative reforms i'll tell you what registered reforms they demanded etc when we discuss the

55:31

moderates okay that is the reason leave it as it is now and you will you will

55:37

understand every bit of the legislative uh reforms they demanded when i discuss the

55:43

moderates okay these are the overlapping sections that is the reason i am keeping it for

55:48

the upcoming topics okay legislative reforms after legislative reforms i didn't tell

55:55

anything

56:00

please write down the first organization bangabasha sabha

56:05

bangabasha saba by the association of by the associates of

56:12

rajaram mohan roy by the associates of rajaram mohan roy

56:26

bangabasa sabha by the associates of rajaram mohan roy

56:33

next organization was 1843

56:42

there were two organizations one was like zamindar's association or landholder

56:48

society and there was one more organization called bengal british indian society

56:54

they both came together and formed something called as british indian association

57:00

please write this down entire thing bengal british india society less land holders society together they

57:07

formed something called as british indian association

57:21

bengal british india society land holder society

57:26

fine and then together they came together to form something called as

57:32

british indian association okay

57:38

write down put arrow downward arrow put a downward arrow

57:43

and write down demands write down their demands

57:50

first demand demanded

57:56

representation of indians representation of indians

58:07

representation of indians in their administration

58:14

fine representation of indians in their administration second one

58:20

indianization of civil services

58:27

indianization of civil services

58:37

fine the next thing

58:44

was that they demanded civil liberties

58:50

demanded civil liberties and

58:56

civil liberties more than enough

59:05

forgot one important detail it was founded by a person called as

59:10

william adam william adam he was the founder

59:29

associates of rajaram mohan both these societies came together to form british indian association

59:36

first point was that they demanded representations of indians in their administration second one indianization

59:42

of civil services third one civil liberties okay it was founded by william

59:47

adam next one 1866

59:53

1866 east india association was founded

1:00:00

at london east india association was founded at

1:00:06

london by dada by nauroji

1:00:13

was founded at london by dada by naoroji

1:00:20

ok

1:00:26

intent intent was to educate

1:00:33

the british masses was to educate the british masses

1:00:40

regarding the plight of

1:00:45

plight of indians and

1:00:53

increase the public pressure

1:00:58

increase the public pressure on the british government

1:01:09

public pressure on the british government to grant reforms for indians

1:01:16

to grant reforms for indians

1:01:27

fine next one 1867

1:01:34

1867 puna sarvajanik saba

1:01:44

where was it formed puna

1:01:49

name itself indicates

1:02:01

is also known as the father of the indian economics

1:02:08

you can write it in the margin mahadev govindrana also known as the father of the

1:02:14

indian economics father of the indian economics

1:02:20

and he was also the he was also the founder of

1:02:26

indian social conference indian

1:02:31

social conference father of indian economics

1:02:37

founder of indian social conference he was the advocate of he was the advocate of

1:02:47

advocate of establishing modern industries in india

1:03:06

establishing modern industries in india modern industries in india

1:03:14

as he believed as he believed that the

1:03:19

industries are the engines of the economic growth as he believed that the industries

1:03:26

are the engines of the economic growth he believed that the industries are the engines of the economic

1:03:34

growth

1:03:41

see this bhangaba shop sabah it was not founded by rajaram mohan rai there were many of his followers and

1:03:48

associates they came together and they formed it there is no one specific name regarding the

1:03:53

founders of the bangabasha sabha don't worry much about it upc will not ask such absurd question

1:03:59

okay it was formed by the associates of rajaram mohan roy that's all

1:04:06

and uh the intent of forming the puna serogenic saba right

1:04:12

down the intent of forming the funa serogenic saba to act as a bridge between

1:04:18

to act as a bridge between masses

1:04:24

and the government to act as a bridge between masses

1:04:30

and the government

1:04:37

fine why

1:04:49

i will explain what is indian social conference later fine when we discuss the social register

1:04:55

for moments i'll explain what is indian social conference in order to briefly tell you see

1:05:00

india national congress in the early years itself

1:05:06

they believed that they will stick themselves only for the political issues they will not talk

1:05:12

about the social issues so in order to discuss and deliberate

1:05:18

and debate on the social issues that is bothering indians mahadev govind rana started something

1:05:23

called as indian social conference fine indian national conference was i

1:05:28

mean they the leaders decided that they will stick only to the political issues

1:05:34

that is representation fundamental rights freedom these things they will not discuss much

1:05:40

about the social issues because social issues are dividing if you advocate for eradication of untouchability the upper class will be

1:05:46

alienated from the congress so that is the reason they did not want to discuss much about the social issues because

1:05:52

social issues are dividing in nature 100 years ago so that is the reason they wanted to

1:05:58

confine themselves to the political questions of the opinion that no we should also

1:06:04

discuss about the social issues so this person started something called

1:06:09

as indian social conference and the sessions of the indian social conference used to happen

1:06:15

in the same venue as that of the indian national congress

1:06:21

fine in 1893 if indian national congregation happened in lahore

1:06:26

even indian social confrontation also used to happen in lahore right after the inc session this session

1:06:34

used to happen okay this was to discuss about the social

1:06:39

issues that was concerning the indians fine we'll discuss this in detail during

1:06:45

the social religious reform moments as of now this details is more than enough for you

1:06:51

okay there was one question in prelims regarding this if you know this details whatever i told

1:06:56

you now you can answer one question easily okay so the main intent of the classes

1:07:02

is to provide your preparation and exam orientation because there are lot of details in history fine every page

1:07:10

initially is filled with names places and dates fine you should be able to differentiate

1:07:16

which part of this is essential for your examination and how you can use it in the examination that is the intent of

1:07:22

attending the classes or else you can read the history books at your home only

1:07:28

intent is to know the areas which are important for the examination and how you can use the fine tune or use the exam i mean class

1:07:34

knowledge in the examination and to get the correct answers okay so

1:07:41

can you please send these ppts see apart from five to six ppd's in any class

1:07:48

my ppt does not consist of any information let the mod rate start

1:07:53

and i am damn sure that nobody will ask for my ppt's fine ppts just have diagrams squares

1:08:00

triangles etcetera it does not earn even a single bit of information fine

1:08:06

these are the five to six ppds which consist some information if i want i can share this with you but still see

1:08:14

there are just keywords which needs explanation having the ppt is not enough

1:08:19

this does not help you in any way after three months or four months if you open this ppt's obviously not remember

1:08:25

anything that is the reason i am making you write simultaneously or else i have given the print out of my ppt like

1:08:32

it will save me some time which i spend in form of notes dictation fine the intent is to get you prepared

1:08:38

for the examination fine when i dictate the notes for the coming parts you will understand the

1:08:43

importance of writing the notes right don't always resort to

1:08:48

the shortcuts in examination you can just i mean you cannot just attach the ppt's there you have to write it by yourselves

1:08:56

fine so i know like some people are writing answers constantly and some people are not

1:09:02

so at least in the class you have an opportunity to write things utilize it okay

1:09:07

these ppds will not help you much what did you write near 1866

1:09:16

1866 nothing the flight of to the public i dictated that to you okay

1:09:23

so to act as a bridge between the masses and the ruled what is like acting as a bridge

1:09:30

it is like conveying the demands of the masses to the british administration and getting

1:09:35

them fulfilled so that they can help the masses fine at the same time if the britishers

1:09:42

if they had to tell something to the masses they will convey it to the masses that is like acting as a bridge because

1:09:48

masses do not know english fine they do not know the terms like democracy equality all these things they

1:09:55

cannot interpret the law fine for you like for most of you the quality

1:10:00

classes are over fine how many acts have you read

1:10:06

do you know the text of the rti right education act or write to information act and recently there were

1:10:11

many bills passed in the parliament have you read the text of this particular acts no

1:10:17

you don't know them fine why you can understand the terms right but

1:10:23

still you have not read it and even if you read i am damn sure you will not even understand even off of it

1:10:31

because there is a legal jargon that is used in those particular files

1:10:37

you derive your knowledge out of newspapers newspapers simplify your job like they

1:10:44

take the burden they read the bear act they identify the flaws in that and then they'll write it in the newspaper these

1:10:50

are the good things in the act these are the bad things in that you just read it and that is how you derive your

1:10:55

knowledge that is the role of newspaper similarly here puna sarvajani sabha it acted as

1:11:02

the bridge between the masses and the ruled fine whatever the administration used to

1:11:08

tell people cannot comprehend it easily because it will be in a different language and it will be in a different

1:11:15

context and people of india they are not matured enough to understand either the legal jargons or the english

1:11:22

so they thought it is their moral responsibility to act as a bridge between the masses and the ruled ok

1:11:28

the next thing right on 1875

1:11:43

1875 indian league establishment of indian league

1:11:49

by sister kumar gauche

1:11:54

shishir kumar gosh

1:12:00

where did we hear the name shirkumargos amrit bazar patrika

1:12:06

amrit bazar patrika

1:12:15

fine right on the next point intent to spread the nationalism

1:12:21

to spread the nationalism

1:12:27

all across india all across india and to motivate

1:12:33

the youth and to motivate the youth

1:12:47

to take part in the to take part in the nationalist activity

1:13:09

see you need not have to remember all the facts and all the dates whichever i explicitly spell it out in

1:13:15

the classroom you just remember that they are more than enough it is humanly impossible to remember all the dates and all the names and all the places i know

1:13:22

the limitations fine they are humanly impossible ok and

1:13:29

tell us how to read news read history through the newspapers it takes some time like

1:13:35

i have not actually started the syllabus itself these are just the introductory stuff i just wanted to finish them yesterday

1:13:40

but these two some issues the power issues it could

1:13:46

not happen that is the reason i am about to enter the subject fine and

1:13:51

only one intent in one linten point in 1867

1:13:56

one intent is more than enough if you saw that intent properly fine so

1:14:02

if you have multiple intents and if you don't achieve it that's of no use okay and

1:14:08

should we study your notes and ncrts every day it's better if you study because

1:14:15

it helps you ultimately revision is the only thing that will save you and how to read between chandra

1:14:22

okay between chandra start reading and you will go with the flow

1:14:27

as of now it's better if you go through ncid's of class 8 and class 12. you can keep the piping chandra towards

1:14:32

the later part of the classes fine i'll let you know the time from when you should start reading the women's and

1:14:38

rajasthan beeping chandra will look a book full of facts for you when you'll not be able to relate much of it that is

1:14:44

the reason as of now go with only class 8 and class 12 ncit's and whenever i complete a topic or a particular chapter

1:14:51

you just go to the ncrt look for those particular chapters or the topics cover them and as i told you if there is

1:14:58

anything extra that is not discussed in the class please write it down in the margins

1:15:04

fine and feel free to convey to me also no issues okay

1:15:11

and make sure the classes are comprehensive as much as possible but if there are some things missed out i'm glad to know like it'll help all of you

1:15:18

okay so that is how you update your notes and keep updated with the subject also

1:15:24

fine please repeat the last point

1:15:30

ncrt 12 vpn don't read between sandra now who started inc

1:15:36

why are you so obsessed with inc let me come like we are talking about 1836 and you're asking about 1885 all of a sudden

1:15:41

you want me to go chronologically or not please wait fine

1:15:47

so 1875 is done please right on 1876 indian association

1:15:54

indian

1:16:04

association started by surrendering banerjee

1:16:10

surendranath banerjee and anand mohan bose

1:16:16

anand mohan bose

1:16:26

with the intent of with the intent of intent

1:16:32

with the intent of unifying the masses

1:16:38

unifying the masses and spreading the political awareness with the intent of

1:16:44

unifying the masses and

1:16:49

spreading the political awareness

1:16:55

and write down one important point regarding this this was

1:17:01

the first major attempt towards this was the first major attempt

1:17:06

towards creating creating

1:17:12

all india platform all india platform or organization

1:17:18

this was the first major attempt towards creating all india platform or organization

1:17:33

1884 1884 madras majan sabha

1:17:40

madras mahajan sabha

1:17:46

where was it founded madras simple

1:17:53

1884 madras majan sabha founders

1:18:10

charlo

1:18:25

and then veera ragava charyar veera ragava charyar

1:18:33

veera ragava charir

1:18:53

ask a question regarding the british indian association british indian association have already asked a question about william adam he

1:18:59

was the founder and there was question about this particular organization in 2017

1:19:05

that given the fourth name they taught on the upsc told

1:19:12

madras mahajan sabha founder was gazulu lakshmi narasimha shetty

1:19:18

gazulu lakshmi narasimha city fine

1:19:24

and many people they thought they assumed probably he might also be the founder

1:19:30

and we they thought he there is a possibility that he can also be a founder of madras maja and

1:19:36

sabah probably we don't know fine and i can assure you that these three

1:19:43

are the only founders of madras maj and saba there is no fourth name fine

1:19:49

there is no fourth name the fourth name comes it is wrong

1:19:55

don't think about a possibility in the examination hall your preparation should end

1:20:01

by the time you reach the examination hall when you reach there don't explore the possibilities

1:20:06

you should be prepared by then okay these three are the only names

1:20:11

okay right on the next one 1885

1:20:17

bombay presidency association bombay presidency association

1:20:25

founded by

1:20:33

indian association by anan mohan bose and surendranath banerjee

1:20:39

bombay presidency association founded by firosha mehta

1:20:58

hiroshima

1:21:12

ji

1:21:26

was the first president of inc

1:21:32

umesh chandra banerjee umash chandra banerjee

1:21:38

second president of inc

1:21:44

who was the first indian muslim to be the president of inc

1:21:50

syed badrudin tayabji first indian muslim right down in the margins first president of inc um

1:21:57

chandra banerjee wo mesh umesh chandra banerjee

1:22:08

1886 it was [Music] 1886

1:22:16

1887 sayad badrudin tayabji first indian muslim to be the president of inc

1:22:25

1888 george yule first european to be the president of

1:22:32

inc 1888 george ewell

1:22:39

first european to be the president of inc

1:22:44

george ewell

1:22:49

okay

1:22:55

you will get to know whether they were all of them were mad rates or not wait for it sayat badudin chairji you

1:23:03

are done with this let's go to indian national congress

1:23:08

indian national congress finally the wait has ended we are able to see inc

1:23:16

indian national congress founded by

1:23:33

not only aou write down in the margins hebo

1:23:40

he was a famous

1:23:47

ornithologist he was a rated ics

1:23:52

and a famous ornithologist

1:23:57

he was a retired ics officer and a famous ornithologist

1:24:12

famous ornithologist what do you mean by ornithology

1:24:23

bird watching bird watching

1:24:31

i know a lot of you are very good experts at it

1:24:36

bird watching and evo was one of the very good famous bird watcher okay

1:24:42

and he was a ics officer and the second founder

1:24:49

right on dada by naroji dada by naroji

1:24:54

when somebody asked you that who is the founder of congress don't just tell aou and end it there

1:25:00

even indians have a major role to play regarding the establishment of

1:25:06

inc now roji and then

1:25:11

deensha edulji watcha d e watcha d e vacha

1:25:17

deensha edulji watcha

1:25:37

okay

1:25:44

inc founded in 1885 first session happened in bombay there were three founders one is

1:25:51

alan octavian hume was also a famous ornithologist bird watcher and also he

1:25:57

was a retired imperial civil servant and third person was deensha edulji watcha

1:26:05

ok the intent of establishing inc will discuss it in detail for time being spirit i mean limit

1:26:12

right on the national organization 1888

1:26:18

1888

1:26:31

foreign

1:26:41

okay in the last of the class please say what to reference

1:26:55

whatever we discuss in the class search for those topics in ncrt

1:27:01

when you find those topics in ncrt please read it

1:27:07

it will have just letters and words in english

1:27:16

okay there is nothing to explain with respect to you i told you he is an earth only

1:27:22

theologist and rated civil servant 1888 write down united patriotic association

1:27:29

united patriotic association

1:27:35

united patriotic association established by

1:27:41

established under the leadership of sir syed ahmed

1:27:58

of banaras

1:28:11

rajashu prasad of

1:28:27

alight movement founder of alleged moment

1:28:36

intent was aimed at

1:28:42

reforming the muslim society reforming and modernizing the muslim society

1:28:49

intent was aimed at reforming and modernizing the muslim society

1:28:56

by promoting the spread of by promoting the spread of spread of

1:29:03

modern education

1:29:18

ok so these are the main

1:29:24

political organizations which played a very important role in the spread of nationalism or in the rise

1:29:31

of nationalism and among these organizations why inc assumes most of

1:29:38

the importance

1:29:43

why inc assumes most of the importance

1:29:49

any idea and look at the names of the

1:29:55

organization

1:30:00

one bangabasha sabha limited to only bengal region

1:30:06

again this is limited to only bengal region fine

1:30:11

and it was originally founded to protect the interests of the zamindars land holder society who are the land holders

1:30:17

back then zamindas this organization was formed to protect the interests of zamindars not the common people and next

1:30:24

east india association it was founded in london not even in india puna sarojini saba limited to puna

1:30:31

indian league fine this was also majorly limited to bengal region even

1:30:36

though the name is indian shishir kumar ghosh was a leader from the bengal region amrit bazar patrika you know it

1:30:43

okay and then indian association this was the major attempt by an indian to form the all

1:30:50

india body again we can see two regional bodies puna sarojani saba was established back then 1867 now madras

1:30:57

mahajan sabha and bombay presidency association again limited to small areas

1:31:03

and this is only one among the three organizations which

1:31:08

which as the name indian at least okay

1:31:14

and and this organization indian association

1:31:20

who are trying to establish it two indians two indians they wanted to make it an all india

1:31:27

association which has presence in different parts of the country they wanted people from different parts of the

1:31:33

country to come to come together in a single platform and fight against the britishers

1:31:38

fine it was two indians were trying to establish it do you think britishers will allow

1:31:44

indians to launch an organization establish it branches in different parts

1:31:49

of the country allow the people to join the organization and launch a struggle

1:31:55

against the british itself britishers are not fools they will not allow such an attempt

1:32:02

fine ok now

1:32:07

indian association was under the leadership of two indians

1:32:12

but here this person evo hume

1:32:17

he took the lead he was a loyalist of the british government fine

1:32:23

he was the loyalist of the british government and in 1870s you have witnessed numerous events

1:32:30

numerous events which were against the britishers there was anti-british feeling rising in

1:32:36

india due to numerous events as i told you bengal famine royal darbar vernacular press act

1:32:41

afghan war indigo rebellion and deccan riots i told you numerous decrees

1:32:48

in the age of maximum age of civil servants

1:32:53

from 21 to 19 years all these things all these things had aroused a popular sentiment against

1:33:00

the british government people were now angry against the british government and numerous organizations were also formed

1:33:06

and during this particular time frame during this particular time frame many indians were angry against the

1:33:12

britishers even britishers they noticed this particular change because numerous organizations were getting established

1:33:18

and they started getting the support of the masses fine they started getting the support of

1:33:24

the masses so british has clearly identified that there is anti-british sentiment prevailing in

1:33:29

india find people are not liking the british administration

1:33:34

so if indians form an association if indians form an association

1:33:42

and all india association and if people are allowed to get enrolled to that association probably it

1:33:48

will be a very good very big problem to the britishers themselves because

1:33:54

indians will be the founders and indians will mobilize the public against the britishers it will be a very big threat

1:34:00

to the british intentions or british school in india fine so what if what if

1:34:08

a person who is loyal to the british establishes an organization

1:34:13

what if a person who is loyal to the british who had served the british empire for numerous years

1:34:18

established an organization that person was evo hume britishers allowed he volume to establish an

1:34:26

organization because they thought inc is going to be a safety wall

1:34:31

what is safety wall in the pressure cooker on the top of it you can see the safety wall if the pressure increases to a

1:34:38

greater extent that wall will open slowly and you will let out the pressure similarly if you take india as a cooker

1:34:46

if you take india as a cooker the pressure was very much increasing the anger of the masses against the

1:34:51

british rule was very much increasing this anger should be let out through some wall

1:34:57

or else the system will burst producers did not happen the india to burst with anger because it will be threat to their

1:35:02

own rule in india so they wanted someone to act as a safety wall what was that safety wall

1:35:09

inc fine britishers allowed aom to establish an

1:35:14

all india organization because they walked it they wanted inc to act as a safety wall what is safety wall

1:35:21

it is a piece of wall which will allow which will allow the system to vent out the pressure if

1:35:27

there is too much pressure in the system in the cooker cooker will burst fine there should be some mechanism to

1:35:33

let the pressure out fine it will keep the safe i mean it will cook the i mean it

1:35:39

will keep the cooker safely it will keep the cooker safely it will maintain the balance in the system so they wanted inc

1:35:47

to act as a safety wall so when

1:35:53

surrendering energy he was searching ahead in forming an all india association he had established indian

1:35:59

association and in 1883 in 1883 yargan is something called as national convention

1:36:05

he called the different leaders from different parts of country and he held a very big meeting in 1883 he called

1:36:12

leaders from different parts of country and he held a very big meeting in that meeting he spoke about

1:36:17

mazani young italy movement and he also told all of the indian leaders that it is a time for us to come together to

1:36:23

fight against the miserable of the britishes one british as well misruling indian second one he had an anger against the

1:36:29

britishers why he was removed from ics he had cleared all the stages

1:36:36

fine on a silly pretext he was removed from the civil services two anger was

1:36:41

there one misroll second one personal anger fine british could not use this talent

1:36:46

now he is using his talent to mobilize the masses against the britishers he could have been a very good administrator

1:36:53

fine so he was searching guide he had organized a national convention okay and in 1884

1:37:00

1884 1885 the organ is something called as national fund he wanted to mobilize the fund for the sake of establishing

1:37:08

branches of his association in different parts of country so that he could attract the masses to take part against the britishers

1:37:14

it was organized something called as national fund fine you have to collect the fund to

1:37:20

establish branches in different parts of country in order to and

1:37:25

you have to publicize about your organization in different parts of country so that people come together

1:37:31

join your organization and you can launch a struggle against the britishers

1:37:37

surrender banerjee and anand mohan bose they were taking the lead 1876 itself they had established indian association

1:37:44

1883 that organized national convention which was a success

1:37:49

fine many leaders had come from different parts of country now britishers were alarmed

1:37:55

they did not tolerate this because an indian is forming an association and is getting very good

1:38:01

response they could not tolerate this and again in 1885 when he organized the

1:38:06

national fund he got very good amount of funds so now britishers sense the danger they sense

1:38:13

the danger to their rule in india fine in order to sideline the efforts of surrendering energy they told dear

1:38:20

volume go ahead wanted to form something right go ahead and form it

1:38:25

so inc was formed as a safety wall this safety wall theory was put forward

1:38:32

by lalala patrai but but do you think indians are fools

1:38:38

especially gopal krishna clay firosha

1:38:44

they are not fools they they did not blindly believe in your voice

1:38:50

they did not blindly believe in a volume they were the moderate leaders they were the moderate leaders they did

1:38:56

not blindly believe in a volume they are their set of reasons to keep quiet and work under the congress at

1:39:02

least in the initial years okay i'll tell you all those reasons

1:39:07

i'll tell you all those reasons and before going to those reasons i want you to know the intent of establishing

1:39:13

the inc so let's take a break for 10 or 15 minutes and we can continue

1:39:19

the class till 2 ok so the class will end at 2.

1:39:26

i hope you are all with me

2:01:25

welcome back so i was discussing about the theory of

2:01:31

safety evolve and the lightning conductor

2:01:41

the class ended because i mean the break was prolonged because there was no availability of the

2:01:47

rechargeable battery so we have to get it and we have to restart so it took quite some time it was not

2:01:53

like me resting and all okay i was right here in the class and i don't like brakes

2:01:59

it will break my flow flow of thoughts fine to break the continuity when i

2:02:05

don't like breaks i like to take the class three are in a stretch

2:02:12

but since you people demand for it out of necessity i'll give the breaks that's all

2:02:17

ok so now

2:02:26

with chapters ncrts are the small books please go through ncrts and find the relevant

2:02:33

chapters ok

2:02:39

no audio audio is there

2:02:47

i am audible sachin

2:02:54

i am audible okay audio is there please check your

2:03:01

system okay so i was talking about starting

2:03:08

the chapter regarding the moderates so that was what i was telling before the break and uh

2:03:14

we will continue the class till we are done at least off of

2:03:19

the syllabus with regard to the moderates okay so

2:03:26

i was talking about two theories that is theory of safety wall lala believed that inc was established

2:03:32

as a safety wall to save the british rule okay to save the british rule

2:03:38

because the pressure was mounting in indian society against the britishers because of their misdeeds and

2:03:44

misadventures that happened in the decade of 1870 and 1880s okay the pressure was mounting indians

2:03:51

were getting more and more angry against the britishers so because of that in order to vent out

2:03:56

the pressure and in order to save the british rule in india they allowed ao hume to set up inc even though there was

2:04:03

attempt by the indian leaders like surendra banerjee fine the britishers

2:04:09

placed numerous hurdles in his path and made sure that aoyum succeeds at establishing the inc first

2:04:15

fine they bypassed the efforts of suryandanath banerjee ok

2:04:21

so inc washed inc was established

2:04:26

okay as a safety wall as per the lalalas patrai

2:04:31

but as i told you the early nationalists were not fools the early nationalists they were not fools

2:04:38

so even they understood the colonial designs

2:04:43

they knew that no indian britishers would not allow any indian to establish an all india organization the two

2:04:48

against the britishers itself they wanted to use aome as the lightning conductor what do

2:04:56

you mean by lightning conductor see

2:05:01

if lightning strikes you if lightning strikes any object obviously

2:05:07

it will be electrocuted the things would burn down to ash right

2:05:12

if lightning strikes any object it will burn down to ash when it will be destroyed

2:05:18

there is something called as lighting conductor that is used above the very big buildings

2:05:24

fine to make sure that the strike of lightning does not have any effect on it

2:05:31

this particular part is called as lightning conductor it will save the building or the establishment from the

2:05:37

effect of lightning it is like the early nationalist wanted to use

2:05:44

aouum as a shield they wanted to use aouum as a shield

2:05:49

against the british oppression inc was founded by yeo jung to act as a safety wall

2:05:55

early nationalist they thought they will use aom as a shield against the britishers

2:06:01

since it is established by aom britishers will have a faith in the activities of inc they will believe in

2:06:06

inc they will not suppress inc so the early nationalist was of the opinion that they can use inc as a

2:06:14

shield fine or an umbrella against the rainfall of the british anger that's all

2:06:20

okay this is nothing but they wanted to use inc as a lightning conductor aoum wanted

2:06:26

to use it as a safety wall to enter the pressure and to save the british rule whereas

2:06:32

indian nationalist early indian nationalist they wanted to use inc as a lightning conductor to escape from the

2:06:37

wrath of the british empire to escape from the anger of the britishers okay they would not allow any indian to

2:06:44

establish an organization fine a british order established it a person who is loyal to the british had

2:06:49

established it they wanted to use it as a forum for their anti-british activity

2:06:55

just like initially they disguised as the loyalist of the british empire because they had

2:07:01

certain limitations and there were certain set of reasons they had to act as a they had to act as a loyalist of the british empire

2:07:08

if you show to a british that you are a traitor that you are against them obviously britishers will not take more than a

2:07:14

second to crush you because they are the ones they are the most powerful ruling power in the entire world

2:07:20

they are the most powerful rulings okay they are ruling over the empire where the sun never sits

2:07:27

they were controlling more than three dozen countries such was the vastness of the british

2:07:33

empire it will not take more than like how many delegates did how many delegates attended the first

2:07:39

session of inc it was just 72. fine do you think britishers will take

2:07:45

lot time i mean much time to suppress just 72 delegates no it will not take them more than a minute

2:07:52

fine they were such a huge empire indians wanted to use inc as a lightning

2:07:59

conductor to protect themselves from the wrath of the british empire

2:08:04

fine so they have to make britishers believe that inc is good inc is not against

2:08:10

their british interests inc is not against britishers so initially the professed loyalty to the britishers just

2:08:17

to make britishers believe in them fine in order to earn the trust of the

2:08:22

british rulers they acted as if they are loyal to the britishers some of them were really loyal but some

2:08:29

of them acted as if they were loyal there are certain reasons there are certain limitations because it was the

2:08:36

national movement was in its early stage fine it was just like a small sprout

2:08:43

or a small plant it is it to get its root

2:08:48

fine it is just a small plant okay so it is just a sprouting time it is

2:08:54

very easy to crush the sprout so that is the reason they wanted to protect it

2:08:59

till it grows as a tree find they wanted to nationalism to grow as a tree it is just a sprouting time

2:09:05

for it they did not want the national movement to get crushed in its early stage so that is the reason they acted

2:09:11

as if they were loyal to the britishers they acted as if there was no threat to the british empire by the inc

2:09:18

there are certain limitations as i told you they did not get the mass base fine they did not have very good

2:09:24

following they did not have the mass support to a greater extent so there are certain limitations that is

2:09:29

the reason they acted within the limitations okay this is nothing but the theory of

2:09:35

safety wall and the lightning conductor there are two theories regarding the establishment of inc one is theory of

2:09:40

safety wall fine britishers thought so they can use inc as a safety wall against the anger of

2:09:47

the indians another one is theory of lightning conductor indian nationalist they thought they can use inc as a lightning

2:09:53

conductor to escape from the wrath of the british empire okay now it's time to proceed to the next

2:10:00

part please write down few things

2:10:07

a volume a volume

2:10:15

right on inc as i heading inc is aiding indian national congress as an adding

2:10:22

and below that right on aom was an enlightened imperialist

2:10:28

was an enlightened imperialist

2:10:38

he saw he saw

2:10:44

the widening gulf the whitening gulf comma

2:10:54

increase in dissatisfaction increase in dissatisfaction

2:11:00

you saw the whitening gulf you saw the whitening gulf comma

2:11:05

increase in dissatisfaction and anger against the

2:11:10

british rule increase in dissatisfaction and anger against the

2:11:16

british rule

2:11:40

between between rulers and the ruled between the rulers and the ruled

2:11:50

and at the same time fully stop and at the same time

2:11:56

at the same time surendranath banerjee

2:12:04

surendranath banerjee was searching ahead was surging

2:12:13

searching ahead to establish

2:12:19

establish a pan-india organization

2:12:25

establish a pan-india organization

2:12:32

and as a precursor to it and as a precursor to it

2:12:43

you had organized you had organized national conference

2:12:55

it organized national conference in bracket in eighteen eighty three

2:13:04

national conference in 1883 which received warm response

2:13:10

which received warm response warm

2:13:17

from leaders from leaders

2:13:22

all across the country

2:13:29

and in 1885 and in early 1885 and in early 1885

2:13:35

he went ahead he went ahead

2:13:42

and organized organized

2:13:48

collection of collection of national fund write it within double

2:13:54

quotes national fund national fund

2:14:01

to propel to propel

2:14:08

its efforts to propel his efforts

2:14:14

of creating an all india organization

2:14:21

to propel his efforts of creating an all india organization

2:14:29

fully stop since

2:14:34

surendranath banerjee since surendranath banerjee

2:14:42

was professing was professing

2:14:53

was professing the ideals of was professing

2:14:59

the ideals and teachings of the ideals and teachings of

2:15:08

mazani and garibaldi mazani and garibaldi

2:15:22

which were clearly which were clearly

2:15:27

in michael which were clearly in michael

2:15:33

to the interests of the british empire clearly in michael to the interest of

2:15:38

the british empire

2:15:50

clearly inimical to the interest of the british empire he was given

2:15:56

he was given he was given

2:16:01

permission he was given permission to go ahead

2:16:07

to go ahead and establish

2:16:14

and establish inc

2:16:19

inc as a safety wall inc

2:16:25

as a safety wall

2:16:31

through which through which they were successful

2:16:36

through which they were successful in bypassing

2:16:43

through which they were successful in bypassing

2:16:49

suryendranath banerjee surendranath banerjee

2:16:54

and his national conference suryandranath energy and its

2:17:00

national conference

2:17:06

next point

2:17:12

at the same time at the same time

2:17:20

enlighted enlightened indian nationalists enlightened

2:17:25

indian nationalists like

2:17:40

d

2:17:55

wanted to use wanted to use

2:18:00

inc and aou wanted to use

2:18:06

inc and ao hume

2:18:12

they wanted to use inc and aoung dada bhai naroji

2:18:17

deenshai dulji watcha sayyid badrudin tayagi wanted to use inc and aom as a

2:18:24

as a lightning conductor lightning conductor

2:18:33

against against the possible

2:18:45

wrath of empire against the possible

2:18:50

wrath of wr ath

2:18:56

wrath of empire

2:19:05

ok so next point

2:19:13

in early days in early days

2:19:20

inc inc

2:19:25

was organized

2:19:32

in a pro british organized in a

2:19:39

pro british manner

2:19:44

pro british manner it clearly depicted

2:19:56

and it clearly depicted its

2:20:02

anti-russian intentions anti-russian

2:20:08

intentions

2:20:20

so i will repeat everything left fastly so please note it on so at the time at the same time

2:20:26

enlightened indian nationalists like dada by now roji de wacha sb tayabji

2:20:33

wanted to use inc and aom as a

2:20:39

enlightening i mean lightning conductor lightning conductor against the possible

2:20:44

wrath of the empire okay so

2:20:50

they wanted to use it as a anti-russian body because russia was

2:20:56

planning to expand to india they had a very good they had very good

2:21:02

influence they had gained very good influence in the tibet region they had gained very good influence in the afghan region the next i mean

2:21:11

russians had gained very good influence in the afghanistan region and also in the tibet region and they had intentions

2:21:19

of spreading their empire to india also russians had an intention of spreading their empire to india also that is the

2:21:26

reason they started expanding their influence in the neighborhood of india fine they had come till afghanistan

2:21:34

that come till tibet so india like they are at the doorstep of india

2:21:41

so in order to promote anti-russian sentiments in india in order to promote

2:21:47

anti-russian sentiment in india they used inc as a tool to do so

2:21:53

they used inc as a tool to promote the anti-russian interests pan-indian organizations means all india

2:21:59

organization that's all pan-india means all india okay

2:22:08

see as i told

2:22:14

in europe there were rivalries between different countries yesterday i had told there were numerous

2:22:20

powers existing within the europe british france

2:22:27

fine there was austria like whose power got diminished after the german unification

2:22:33

but there was russia all three powers had set their eyes on

2:22:40

india fine french they were existent in india but after the battle of andy was they were

2:22:47

washed away british they are ruling india and britain is deriving its wealth out of

2:22:54

india britain was so powerful so rich its industries were very well established because of

2:23:00

india support only they used india as a both supplier of raw material and also

2:23:05

consumer of its finished goods fine they were drawing lot of the resources from exploiting india

2:23:12

so india was like a diamond in the crown of the british empire fine india was like a diamond in

2:23:19

the crown of the british empire so everybody had the rice set on india everybody wanted to snatch india away

2:23:26

from britain if india is snatched away gradually britain will weaken and at the same time

2:23:31

they can exploit india for their benefits so everybody's size was set on india fine though the britishers had exploited

2:23:39

us for 150 years still india was very rich in terms of resources all the

2:23:44

nations wanted to expand their empire in india russia was

2:23:50

not left alone even russia had heard about invention i mean it also had

2:23:56

harvard its intention to expand to india so now russians

2:24:02

they had come till afghan region fine and at the same time

2:24:10

they were increasing their influence in the tibet region

2:24:15

on both sides of india they were increasing their presence and influence

2:24:21

they clearly manifested that they want to rule over india but

2:24:27

they were in the early stages of the preparation later during the first phase of revolutionary moment there is something

2:24:32

called as gather movement while explaining other movement i will also explain you the

2:24:37

russian support which they sought to get during the revolution there was something there was something

2:24:43

called as gada revolution so this revolutionaries gather revolutionaries they wanted to get the support of

2:24:50

russians for like for organizing a revolutionary activity in india so

2:24:57

there is such event so while explaining that i will clearly explain you the russian role but here

2:25:03

understand that rashad had an intention of expanding to india so that is the reason they were in the doorsteps of

2:25:10

india so now british

2:25:15

wanted inc to promote the anti-russian sentiments

2:25:22

because it is established by a ics officer who was loyal to the britishers

2:25:28

if russia tries to enter india and if people support russia what will happen to the britishers britishers was just

2:25:34

two lucky number in india fine if russia tries to invade india

2:25:39

and indians also support russia probably britishers will not be able to rule over india that is the reason in order to

2:25:46

protect their own interest in order to promote the anti-russian sentiments among the masses

2:25:52

they used inc in the early days okay who set up inc it was a volume was

2:25:59

a british loyalist that is the reason they used inc as a tool to promote the anti-russian sentiment because rashad

2:26:06

had the intention of expanding to india fine i hope you understood by now

2:26:13

yes india was a golden goose ok

2:26:19

so now time to go ahead i think we spent a lot of time on this

2:26:26

ok please write down the aims of establishing inc

2:26:32

the aims of establishing inc

2:26:40

first one

2:26:45

molding india into a moulding india m-o-u-l d-i-n-g

2:26:53

molding india

2:26:59

into a

2:27:05

secular and a democratic nation

2:27:23

second one second one india was a diverse nation india was a

2:27:31

diverse nation

2:27:38

india was a diverse nation in terms of language culture

2:27:45

religion etc language

2:27:50

culture religion etc

2:27:57

therefore there was a need to unify indians

2:28:03

there was a need to unify indians on a common platform

2:28:25

fine third one to create a common platform on which

2:28:33

to create a common platform on which

2:28:39

people from people and leaders

2:28:44

people and leaders from all across the country from all across the country

2:28:58

from all across the country can come together can come together

2:29:06

and form an united front and form an united front

2:29:13

against the british form a united front against the british

2:29:23

last point educating

2:29:31

creating a common platform on which people and leaders from different parts of country could come together and form

2:29:38

a united front fine it is an all india body so people from different parts of

2:29:44

country people from tamil nadu and kerala and people from himachal and jammu kashmir at the same time people

2:29:50

from gujarat and also people from bengal can come together and fight against britishers together

2:29:56

from a common platform that is inc okay that was the intent of the third point

2:30:02

creating a common platform last point educating and mobilizing the masses

2:30:10

educating and mobilizing the masses

2:30:18

against the misrule of the britishers

2:30:27

educating and mobilizing the masses against the

2:30:32

misrule of the britishers and to seek

2:30:38

reforms and to seek reforms

2:30:44

by pressurizing the and to seek reforms

2:30:50

by pressurizing the administrators

2:31:02

fine write on the last point

2:31:11

the early nationalist leaders

2:31:16

who are also called as moderates

2:31:24

moderates took a lead

2:31:31

to khalid took a lead l-e-a-d

2:31:38

in fulfilling fulfilling

2:31:44

these objectives fulfilling these objectives

2:31:56

took a lead in fulfilling these objectives

2:32:09

see a volume will not let inc to mobilize the masses against the misrule

2:32:15

but there were other indian leaders who were educated and they had the intentions

2:32:21

of making inc as a anti-british body fine

2:32:26

aom see i am talking about the aim of inc not the aim of a volume

2:32:33

okay inc is not equal to a volume inc is a body which consists of many

2:32:39

persons many individuals many leaders one person is a loyalist does not mean that inc is totally a loyalist body

2:32:47

there were other leaders who armed such intentions okay i am talking about inc as a whole not with respect to a volume as an

2:32:53

individual fine

2:33:10

write down a fresh chapter open a fresh page

2:33:16

and write down a fresh chapter moderate face finally we fulfill the promise that we gave to

2:33:22

the dada by naoroji and gopal krishna gokula finally gokle will

2:33:27

introduce you to gandhi in the coming classes because it was gokle was the mentor of gandhi and invited gandhi to

2:33:34

return to india fine gukley was the mentor of mahatma gandhi and he was the one

2:33:42

who told gandhi to return to india okay

2:33:58

see focus on the things that i am doing now pre 1857 part i have told you

2:34:04

see when you are attending a subject please attend it from the class one the class one itself i clearly showed

2:34:10

you which part of history is more important fine you clearly understood that 1707 to 1857

2:34:18

hardly few questions are asked 1857 to 1947 majority of the questions

2:34:24

are from this part so as a student what should be your intent it is to cover the part which is

2:34:29

more important and more relevant for the examination okay that is the intent we are starting from this part since we are starting

2:34:36

from this part does not mean that we will neglect the earlier part we will also give the due importance to that part so please don't ask me this question

2:34:42

again and again i am not going to explain it to you again and again you have clearly discussed this and you also clearly agreed to it

2:34:50

and now don't pester me again and again with respect to this particular point if you want i can start with 1707 only i'm

2:34:55

like completely equipped with it ok when i am doing it for your own sake

2:35:01

like

2:35:18

we will discuss the revolt of 1857 also revolt of 1857 will be our last class we

2:35:25

will end our class on a high fine

2:35:36

so we have to start with moderates and before starting with moderates i just want to show you a few things

2:35:49

i hope you saw the video in the first class itself

2:35:54

but unfortunately i thought of like starting these topics in the at the end of

2:36:01

right starting these topics in the second class but we have arrived at it

2:36:08

by the end of third class we are very slow that is the reason i titled today's class as covering the backlogs

2:36:15

okay enjoy the video

2:36:45

foreign

2:37:39

it is a french word

2:38:40

class did not end here today slides

2:38:57

ok so now tell me moderates

2:39:03

what is their philosophy

2:39:08

why do we call them as moderates who are the moderate leaders

2:39:14

did you write down all these things okay we will answer we'll we'll try to

2:39:19

answer all these topics throughout our discussion so what is the philosophy of the

2:39:25

moderates any idea sound

2:39:31

sound is good

2:39:44

sound not audible

2:39:49

buffering so what is the philosophy of moderates

2:39:56

please right on

2:40:06

as the subwedding philosophy of moderates and every philosophy is adopted because

2:40:12

of certain reasons and visto and with respect to alternate attaining certain ends

2:40:19

okay every philosophy is adopted

2:40:24

with due to certain reasons and in order to achieve certain ends there will be certain intents of

2:40:31

following a certain philosophy okay i will explain to you them in detail

2:40:36

so this is the philosophy of moderates please write down this small sentence

2:40:44

phase between 1885 to 1905 is known as moderate phase

2:40:49

the phase between 1885 to 1905 is known as the moderate phase

2:41:00

eighty 1885 to nineteen zero five

2:41:07

is known as the moderate phase

2:41:13

ok so any idea what is p3

2:41:24

very good p3 any idea please write on

2:41:31

try a triangle like this so that you can remember it very easily

2:41:37

prayer

2:41:42

petition

2:41:47

and protest prayer petition and protest

2:41:59

with the intent of with the intent of

2:42:09

politically

2:42:14

educating the masses and with the intent of

2:42:26

having political connections

2:42:36

with the ruling class

2:42:42

fine to have the political connection with the ruling class like

2:42:49

british mps etcetera

2:42:54

to help them bring the reforms

2:43:01

prayer petition and protest

2:43:08

not participation prayer petition and protest

2:43:14

fine this is p3 with the intention p2

2:43:20

this is what i told in the video p3 plus p2 this is the philosophy and intent of the

2:43:27

moderate philosophy okay what is prayer

2:43:34

you are praying the colonial masters to grant some reforms sir we want this

2:43:39

indians want this fine we are praying the colonial masters to grant you some reforms grant you some

2:43:46

concessions sir give us representation in the legislature

2:43:52

take indians take more and more indians into the civil services fine sir vernacular press act is very

2:43:59

bad to the indian press please repeal it we'll pray them and we will write all

2:44:05

these demands in the form of a petition sir we want this to be fulfilled so we want this to

2:44:10

be fulfilled fine we will write all these demands in the form of petition and will

2:44:18

submit it to the british authorities fine we'll write all the demands

2:44:24

legislative demands administrative demands welfare demands fine all these demands will be written

2:44:30

in the form of a petition and we will be submitted to the british authorities

2:44:35

fine we will pray for the fulfillment of these demands so please get this done we are demanding this

2:44:42

please get this done why do we pray why do you pray to god because you believe in god

2:44:49

you believe in god similarly early moderates believed in the empire they used to

2:44:55

pray to the british administrators for the fulfillment of

2:45:01

these demands what is protest if these demands are not fulfilled they

2:45:06

used to exhibit the mildest form of the constitutional protest sir please

2:45:12

please sir please fulfill them sir please this was the

2:45:18

maximum protest they used to do they used to showcase the dissatisfaction

2:45:24

only in the words the two constitutional words not by

2:45:29

doing dharana outside their office or

2:45:34

throwing slippers at them or hurling the blanking blacking at them it

2:45:40

is not like that it is like mildest form of the constitutional protest

2:45:45

sir i am dissatisfied you are not doing this so the mildest form of constitutional

2:45:51

protest it should feel like a protest also but it is not actually the protest

2:45:56

at the present circumstances it does not work fine this form of constitutional protest

2:46:02

does not work it also includes walking out of the legislature

2:46:09

nowadays frequently the opposition will walk out of the legislature if their demands are not fulfilled

2:46:14

if certain bills are not discussed if the changes that they recommend are not included in the bill

2:46:20

they will walk out of the legislature so that was also one of the form of the constitutional protest that was

2:46:25

introduced in india by the moderates fine they used to write the petitions they used to write down all the demands

2:46:32

list down all the demands that they wanted the british authorities to grant to india fine and they wanted to i

2:46:39

mean and they prayed the britishers for the fulfillment of their petition demands and if they those demands were not met

2:46:47

they used to exhibit the mindless form of the constitutional protest to showcase that they were dissatisfied

2:46:55

this protest is not like what is happening in aryana punjab border

2:47:00

this protest is unlike what happened during 2011 anna jan

2:47:07

this protest is unlike 2012 nearby protest this protest is like

2:47:14

exhibiting a mildest form of dissatisfaction sir we are not satisfied

2:47:20

is like walking out of the legislature just walk out sir you are not satisfied

2:47:25

sir i am going out fine so now it has become a fashion but back

2:47:31

then that was a severe thing so in 19

2:47:37

in the first decade of 1900 i think in 1904 1904

2:47:42

or 1906 ferocious america walked out of legislature that became a very big issue in the british newspapers they criticized

2:47:48

hiroshima method for violating the spirit of parliament so walking out of parliament was a

2:47:56

thing that hurt them britishers even today the british parliament they follow very

2:48:02

good conventions and rules once the speaker

2:48:08

stands up every member irrespective of their party

2:48:13

irrespective of their position whether they are ministers or the prime minister whoever it is

2:48:18

fine irrespective of their demands whether they are satisfied unsatisfied whether they are holding dharan or not it does

2:48:24

not matter once the speaker stands up the floor belongs to speaker and everybody has to sit down and respect

2:48:30

his position fine in england they follow a convention that the floor of the house belongs to

2:48:37

the speaker and once the speaker stands up everybody has to sit down nobody should talk

2:48:43

this is the convention that they follow that is the reason the proceedings of the british

2:48:48

parliament are very good to watch but recently what happened in karnataka state legislative council

2:48:56

the deputy chairman of the legislative council was thrown out of the house

2:49:02

fine and what happened tamil nadu state assembly

2:49:08

tamil nadu stated early 90s

2:49:17

in the legislative assembly itself her sari was pulled

2:49:23

and she took the revenge in a very great manner karna needy was arrested in the midst of the night

2:49:29

and they purposefully pulled out his lungi ok

2:49:35

and recently one parliamentarian took the paper spray to protect himself

2:49:42

against the opposition parties other mps was there a need paper spray used by the

2:49:48

women to protect herself from the arizers but one mp felt that he needed paper

2:49:55

spray in the parliament itself and in karnataka assembly i think in the year of 2008

2:50:01

there was one mla who stood on the diaz and he tore his shirt

2:50:09

fine this showcases the decrease in the

2:50:14

parliamentary discipline the kind of legislators that we are electing it also clearly depicts the need for

2:50:20

electoral reforms because in india more than one third of our legislators

2:50:27

are from criminal background and what do we expect from the criminals

2:50:32

this is the sort of behavior they exhibit in the house be it in there be it in the parliament or in the house or

2:50:37

in the public meeting so it's not their mistake

2:50:43

it's not the mistake of the system also the mistake lies in us

2:50:48

fine so i'll try to give a glimpse of the electoral reforms that are new i mean

2:50:54

required but now coming back to the topic when firosha mehta walked out of the

2:51:00

indian legislative council that is the present form of i mean the present form is parliament back then it was called as indian

2:51:06

legislative council when firosha mehta walked out it was severely criticized you are exhibiting i mean you are

2:51:12

showcasing the disrespect towards the parliament's culture that was like that is how he was criticized by the english newspapers

2:51:19

okay and that was the mildest form of the constitutional protest you can exhibit they were not protesting against the

2:51:24

britishers in a harsher manner they were not stowing strippers that just like

2:51:31

people throw out the favorite leader whenever one party's donations go down

2:51:38

suddenly there will be an incident there is one political party in india

2:51:44

when it's i mean it tells the people that it runs solely on the people's

2:51:49

funding and whenever the funding rate it goes down suddenly there will be some incidents where

2:51:56

either in the press meet or in the public meeting somebody will throw the slipper at the leader of that particular party

2:52:03

suddenly the public donation spike up fine and there is certain other incidents

2:52:10

where that leader will be slapped or strangled by the public suddenly the public donation spikes up

2:52:18

fine so i don't want to name like

2:52:25

you know you are like educated people

2:52:31

like salman khan in this movie what which party i don't want to name any

2:52:37

party or person or a leader a lot of regards for respect for

2:52:42

all the political leaders for all the great work they have done for this great nation the sacrifices that they have rendered

2:52:49

the kind of hard work they have put to uplift this nation fine a lot of respect for all of them

2:52:56

so i will not name any of them okay so don't mind

2:53:02

fine some of you i know you will provoke me to talk about few people

2:53:09

but i have seen students like you fine that is the reason in the beginning itself i thought of putting a disclaimer

2:53:16

and then and then in the upcoming slides that declare i mean disclaimer will come where i'll be declaring

2:53:21

that any sort of coincidence or any reference is merely coincidental

2:53:28

any reference to any person living or dead

2:53:34

is merely coincidental i don't mean it be it

2:53:39

our honorable prime minister honorable home minister didi

2:53:45

behenji mula mg crazy walji

2:53:52

and only pm from karnataka

2:53:58

fine a lot of people whom i like respect adore

2:54:03

very much for the invaluable contributions to the country and forgot your favorite leader

2:54:10

whose iq is greater than all of you

2:54:15

once upon a time is greater than even albert einstein

2:54:21

fine your favorite leader fine we'll discuss about all of them their role and their contribution to

2:54:27

indian society we'll discuss all of it but as of now let's stick to the lecture

2:54:33

okay fine

2:54:45

okay so i hope you understood these three i mean p3 plus p2

2:54:50

you understood it or not i am seeking clarity from you

2:54:59

just because there is no audience

2:55:26

foreign

2:55:34

fine fine please write down right on the expansion

2:55:41

right on whatever that is on the board prayer petition protest with the intention of politically educating the

2:55:46

masses and to have political connections with the ruling class that is the british mps and

2:55:52

administrators in order to help us get the reforms

2:56:01

increase the font size board is very small p3 is about philosophy and p2 is about

2:56:07

intents of the philosophy okay

2:56:14

i hope you understood what is prayer prediction and protest

2:56:21

p3 is the philosophy and p2 is the intent of this

2:56:28

philosophy

2:56:36

2 star signifies the importance

2:56:43

till what did modern indian history classes will be taken till you people stop liking me

2:56:57

i know its boring today but tomorrow

2:57:02

expect unexpected fine will be back to form don't worry

2:57:09

hope you are done writing this so tell me the reason for following this philosophy

2:57:16

tell me the reason for following this philosophy

2:57:30

one this was where our class was supposed to

2:57:35

start but unfortunately it is where our class is supposed to i mean it is going to end

2:57:41

today we are lagging behind very much we need to accelerate the speed

2:57:47

buckle of people so please write down the reasons for adopting the

2:57:54

reasons for adopting the moderate path

2:57:59

or moderate philosophy

2:58:10

to uphold non-violence afraid to disobey british it was in its initial phase

2:58:16

face very good middle path ok some buddhist is here

2:58:21

ok to build up democratic provisions ok

2:58:27

fine so please write on

2:58:33

what were the reasons for adopting the moderate path or the moderate philosophy write down one line below that

2:58:40

since since it was

2:58:47

since it was the early days of national movement

2:58:55

early days of national movement

2:59:03

the concept of nationalism the concept of nationalism

2:59:11

the concept of nationalism was new to the indian masses

2:59:17

was new to the indian masses the concept of nationalism was new to the

2:59:23

indian masses

2:59:29

and therefore moderates thought therefore the moderates thought

2:59:38

it is their moral responsibility it is their moral responsibility

2:59:51

to learn it learn it and

2:59:57

preach it to learn it and preach it

3:00:11

to learn it and preach it write down in brackets

3:00:19

it was like it was like

3:00:24

moderates were it was like moderates were

3:00:29

learning and preaching the abcd of the national movement

3:00:37

it was like moderates learning and preaching

3:00:44

the a b c d of the national movement

3:00:55

it was like moderates learning and preaching the abcd of the national moment

3:01:01

close the bracket it's the first

3:01:06

i told only few lines since it was the early day of the national movement the concept of

3:01:12

nationalism was new to the indian masses fine indians did not know what was

3:01:18

nationalism fine the feeling was within us but how to fight

3:01:25

for what sake we should agitate all these things were unclear to the masses fine

3:01:30

national movement was very new to india okay it is our early stage of the national

3:01:36

movement it is the early stage of the national movement that is the reason they thought since it was the early days of the national

3:01:42

movement the concept of nationalism was new to the indian masses therefore moderates thought it is their moral

3:01:48

responsibility to learn and preach the concept of nationalism to learn and preach the concept of

3:01:55

nationalism in bracket how to remember it the reasons for the moderate path or moderate philosophy a

3:02:01

simple code word as i told you even in the video i had mentioned about

3:02:07

it abcd of the national movement what do you think is the abcd of the national movement

3:02:27

preach it preach means telling others

3:02:34

abcd why they were following the philosophy of

3:02:39

prayer petition and protest what is the reason for their philosophy

3:02:51

i have given you four clues the starting letter of every point

3:02:59

a b c d ahimsa

3:03:05

basic ok thank god you did not tell a for apple

3:03:25

see i have some limitations i cannot derive my energy from the class

3:03:32

today please bear with the lecture d for democracy no

3:03:39

a for agitation as i told you mildest form of constitutional protest agitation means public hesitation just

3:03:45

like it is happening in the punjab arena borders now that was not the name in the philosophy itself are clarified

3:03:51

see for civilities for demand c for common platform common platform i told you

3:03:57

intent of establishing the congress itself better not to repeat the points

3:04:03

i am talking in specific with respect to

3:04:09

why did they adopt p3 prayer petition and protest the first thing is

3:04:16

these methods are

3:04:22

acceptable to all these methods are acceptable to all

3:04:28

let us imagine let us imagine

3:04:33

you are following a revolutionary approach you are following a revolutionary approach

3:04:39

and you want all of indians to hold a gun shoot at the britishers

3:04:46

have a grenade and harlot the britishers can all of us come forward to do that

3:04:51

no many of us do not like violence fine and

3:04:57

it is not acceptable to all the revolutionary methods they are not acceptable to all

3:05:03

fine but prayer petition and protest it is totally peaceful non-violent it is

3:05:10

acceptable to all everybody can do it fine people belonging to all religion

3:05:16

can follow it people belong to all classes can follow it

3:05:23

fine these methods are acceptable to all second one

3:05:29

second one why they are following p3 i told it while explaining the

3:05:36

prayer because they believed in the britishers fine they believed in the britishers

3:05:49

still many of the early nationalists they hoped that the britishers will

3:05:55

get the reforms done in india and will develop the india in par with england australia or canada

3:06:02

many of the early nationalists still believed in the britishers and they expected the british to develop india

3:06:07

on lines of these three colonies okay they expected development

3:06:13

in india through britishers fine and

3:06:19

they adopted

3:06:28

the national movement was still in the early stages they were just like

3:06:34

children in front of the mighty british empire fine national movement was still in its early

3:06:41

stages they were still like a children in front of a mighty british empire how many people attended the first

3:06:46

station of inc just 72 delegates just 72 delegates do you think these 72

3:06:53

delegates can challenge empire that is ruling 36 countries highly impossible

3:06:59

if they try to act smart against the britishers they will crush you the national movement will end the

3:07:05

moment it started fine that is the reason see

3:07:10

whenever you plant some seeds what will you do you will put a fence around it

3:07:17

you will water it till it grows to certain extent you will protect it

3:07:22

and once it grows it can protect itself imagine it is a tree so this was the

3:07:28

early stage the duty of the national early nationalist was to protect that particular seed till it grows as a tree

3:07:37

you have to protect it you have to fence it you have to water it later when the roots grow deeper it can

3:07:43

nourish on its own earlier you have to put everything you have to provide the fertilizer you have to provide the water everything should be done by you but

3:07:49

once the trees grows bigger the route will grow deeper and it can

3:07:55

nourish itself so since it was the early stage they did not want the national movement to end there

3:08:02

they wanted to protect the national movement by making the britishers believe that they

3:08:08

are loyal to them okay they are just children or infants in

3:08:13

front of the mighty british empire that is the reason they adopted the constitutional methods of protest

3:08:19

fine they are just a children in front of the mighty british empire and then

3:08:29

they are certain demands they are certain demands

3:08:35

what were those demands we will discuss in the next part but as of now please write write down these points

3:08:55

see the revolutions in the west the revolutions in the west it did not

3:09:01

happen all of a sudden so if you want to look at the french revolution you have to read it from the

3:09:07

times of louis xiv louis 15 louis 16.

3:09:13

fine revolution did not happen all of a sudden all of a sudden overnight people

3:09:19

people did not get disgruntled with the rule and rose interval i mean rose in protest

3:09:25

it took its time it took its time to take the form of revolution if you want to read about

3:09:30

french revolution you have to read the history of at least 80 years you have to know about the social structure of the

3:09:37

france fine the french society was dominated by the aristocrats and clergies

3:09:42

they had no responsibilities but they enjoyed all the amenities whereas it was the common man who was

3:09:48

bearing all the responsibilities like paying taxes by acting as a soldier but

3:09:54

he had no privileges social structure of the france was like this the clergys are the priestly class and

3:10:01

the aristocrats they had all the privileges they enjoyed everything but had no responsibility of

3:10:06

the state they need not pay any taxes but they enjoyed all the privileges but common man he had to bear every responsibility of

3:10:12

the state but he had no privileges he was suppressed fine it did not happen all of a sudden

3:10:18

it took hundreds of years to take the form of a revolution in india

3:10:25

in india how many years did it take now we are rising all of a sudden how can you expect it to

3:10:31

be from assume that they assume or take the form of revolution it is just starting

3:10:37

and you are starting against an empire which is ruling all over the world one of the strongest power in the world

3:10:43

fine i mean think in a proper way think practically

3:10:50

fine 72 people do you think they can

3:10:57

revolt against a mighty british empire and they can succeed do you think it is 300 movie

3:11:03

it cannot track i mean it cannot be practically possible as i gave you the example of a sapling

3:11:10

fine from a seed to tree you have to protect it in all these countries also if you study its history

3:11:16

you notice these facts even the american revolution it did not happen all of a sudden fine

3:11:23

there are a lot of events

3:11:32

ok please write on the first point acceptable to all

3:11:38

acceptable to all write down in this form only draw a square or a rectangle and write down or else you can draw like this

3:11:46

first acceptable to all believe in british you can write like this

3:11:58

acceptable to all since these methods are these philosophies

3:12:08

these philosophies are peaceful and non-violent in nature

3:12:14

are peaceful and non-violent in nature

3:12:25

majority of the masses

3:12:30

majority of the masses irrespective of their

3:12:36

religion or class irrespective of their

3:12:42

religion or class can take part

3:12:48

can take part in the national movement can take part in the national movement

3:12:56

second point belief in british

3:13:05

in bracket right constitution belief in british in bracket right

3:13:10

constitution some early nationalists

3:13:17

some early nationalist

3:13:22

was of the opinion that was of the opinion that

3:13:33

given a chance was of the opinion that kama given a chance

3:13:39

britishers would given a chance britishers would

3:13:47

develop india on the lines of

3:13:54

on the lines of other colonies

3:14:00

other colonies like canada and australia

3:14:06

canada and australia and therefore

3:14:13

and therefore aspired aspi red aspired

3:14:20

to act as a bridge aspired to act as a bridge

3:14:27

between british and the masses as per to act as a bridge between

3:14:34

british and the masses and practiced

3:14:41

and practiced loyalty towards the

3:14:46

empire and practiced loyalty towards the empire

3:14:57

fine third point child or infant

3:15:04

child or infant in front of the mighty british empire child or infant in

3:15:11

front of the mighty british empire

3:15:18

child or infant in front of the mighty british empire and therefore

3:15:25

adopting adopting the constitutional methods

3:15:32

the constitutional methods

3:15:38

was very much necessary adopting the constitutional methods was very much necessary

3:15:48

to not anger to not anger

3:15:55

the british authorities

3:16:03

to not anger the british authorities

3:16:10

and since the national movement

3:16:18

and since the national movement is in its is in its

3:16:30

an ascent or early stage in ascent or early stage

3:16:39

in ascent or early stage any use of power

3:16:45

any use of power

3:16:51

or suppression or suppression

3:16:56

might lead to might lead to mi gst

3:17:08

prolonged phase of inactivity might lead to prolonged phase of

3:17:13

inactivity

3:17:18

might lead to prolonged phase of

3:17:24

inactivity

3:17:32

fine next point demands

3:17:39

demands

3:17:51

see these are the things that demonstrate the faith of the

3:18:00

early nationalists in the british empire

3:18:05

during the inc session he told the audience to pray for the well-being and long health of the

3:18:11

british queen and at the same time indians were no backward there was a

3:18:16

president of inc called as anan mohan bose was also the founder of the indian association along with

3:18:23

surendranath banerjee so this guy told the britishers that

3:18:28

educated indians are the friends and not the enemies of the britishers

3:18:33

this was an attempt to gain the trust of the authority okay

3:18:39

so there was one more session there was one more session

3:18:45

where all of the indians all of the attendees of the inc session

3:18:50

they were made to stand up and they were made they were asked to cheer for the queen of england

3:18:56

fine and we will discuss about the demands

3:19:02

write down the following phrase below the demand in a bracket or in the margin they demanded

3:19:08

they demanded

3:19:13

they demanded rule of law in the country rule of law in the

3:19:19

country i am explaining demands please be patient

3:19:35

they demanded rule of law in the country and

3:19:40

what is rule of law what were their demands i'll explain it in the tomorrow's class

3:19:47

and please tell me again do you find something

3:19:52

useful in the slides slides are just empty

3:19:59

ah they are not self sufficient without the help of the classes will not

3:20:05

be able to make use of the slides they are just empty figures that's all

3:20:10

ok so thank you very much

3:20:17

questions ok demands

3:20:25

national movement is in its earlier than s n stages nascent or the early stages

3:20:34

any use of power or suppression might lead to prolonged phase

3:20:41

this is face not facee phase of

3:20:46

inactivity ok

3:20:53

you can understand why you told about the unification of germany yes this was the intent it requires time

3:21:01

to make a revolution revolution cannot happen all of a sudden

3:21:07

there needs to be ground of preparation for revolution to follow okay we were preparing for a

3:21:13

major leap forward it takes some time like the national movement has just begun you

3:21:19

cannot expect a revolution all of a sudden it will take its time

3:21:25

so from tomorrow class will be online or offline even i don't know please

3:21:33

wait for the message that will be conveyed in your group

3:21:38

thank you very much

3:21:54

prelims questions have given the solutions also they are merely factual

3:22:01

fine i'll discuss few questions tomorrow fine i'll also discuss the answer for the first and the second question once i

3:22:06

complete the next topic before going to the extremist i'll discuss all the questions okay please remind that to me

3:22:13

in the tomorrow's class so that i can discuss that is only after i complete the moderate topic completely

3:22:20

because there is a question on moderates also fine second class the question was on maine's question was on moderates that

3:22:26

was the mains question that was asked in upc 2017 so i will discuss both of them after i complete

3:22:32

the moderates topic ok so thanks again see you