the treatment and study of illnesses caused by viruses

Virology is the scientific study of virus– submicroscopic, parasitic organisms of genetic material contained in a protein coat – and virus-like agents. It focuses on the following aspects of viruses: their structure, classification and evolution, their ways to infect and exploit host cell for reproduction, their interaction with host organism physiology and immunity, the diseases they cause, the techniques to isolate and culture them, and their use in research and therapy.

Virology is a subfield of microbiology.

The identification of the causative agent of tobacco mosaic disease (TMV) as a novel pathogen by martinus beijerinck (1898) is now acknowledged as being the official begining of the field of virology as a descipline distinct from bacteriology .He realized the source was neither a bacterial nor a fungal infection , but something completely different. Beijerinck used the word virus to describe the mysterious agent in his 'contagium vivum flluidum' (‘contagious living fluid’).Rosalind franklin proposed the full structure of the tobacco mosaic virus in 1955

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WHAT IS THE MAIN APPEAL .........Need to move with caution

COGNITIVE SKILLS OF ELEPHANT Elephants have been observed using such ‘learned’ skills to either cleverly cross electric fences using their non-conducting tusks or if no tusks, destroying the entire fence by hurling uprooted trees on the wire or pushing down the cemented poles to disconnect the wire. These are some testimonies suggesting how elephants perhaps may be learning to solve the conundrum based on their previous noxious experiences. . WHY WE ARE FORGOTTEN ABOUT SOMETHING People visiting forests feel great about being in nature. They capture some memories and photographs, and write blogs about how splendid nature is. What they forget in the due course is the compromise some of the long-ranging animals must have gone through. One such animal that needs a large roaming space and seasonal connectivity to different forests are elephants. Their movements are not just motivated for foraging, but for searching for mates, suitable habitats across seasons and resources. MAN AN...

A GLIMPSE OF ONE OF THE FIRST LOVE.......

True spirit amongst aspirants TUMHE DEKHA TO LAGA KI... ABHI ABHI MERA JANM HUA HAI, TERE AANE KI AAHAT, MERE DIL KI YE GHABRAHAT..., ROSHANI KA TUMHARE SATH AKAAR, KYA YE HAI MERE MAN KI PUKAR..., TU MUSKURAI MAI STABDH RAH GAYA, HAN MAIN BHI MUSKURAYA...... AUR MUJHE PYAR HO GAYA.... MAIN YE SONCHATA HE RAH GAYA... ISWAR AAJ SURYODAY KE ANTIM PAHAL ME, RASTA KYUN BHOOL GAYA..... IN ENGLISH WHEN I SAW YOU I FELT THAT I WAS BORN JUST NOW, THE FEAR OF YOUR ARRIVAL, THE FEAR OF MY HEART, THE LIGHT WITH YOU, IS THIS THE CALL OF MY HEART...., YOU REMAINED STILL IN SMILE, YES I ALSO SMILED IN LOVE I HAVE BEEN THINKING THAT WHY DID GOD FORGET THIS WAY IN THE LAST MOMENT OF SUN.....

HATE SPEECH IS NOT A LITTLE BIT SPARKLE......IS N'T IT ?

WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY A HATE SPEECH There is no specific legal definition of ‘hate speech’. Provisions in law criminalise speeches, writings, actions, signs and representations that foment violence and spread disharmony between communities and groups and these are understood to refer to ‘hate speech’. The Law Commission of India, in its 267th Report, says: “Hate speech generally is an incitement to hatred primarily against a group of persons defined in terms of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief and the like ... Thus, hate speech is any word written or spoken, signs, visible representations within the hearing or sight of a person with the intention to cause fear or alarm, or incitement to violence.” In general, hate speech is considered a limitation on free speech that seeks to prevent or bar speech that exposes a person or a group or section of society to hate, violence, ridicule or indignity. CONTEXT A recent religious conclave held in Haridwar...

GLOBAL HEALTH PROFILE VULNERABILITY.......

THE ONGOING GLOBAL HEALTH EMERGENCY HAS PARALYSED ECONOMIES WORLDWIDE AND REVEALED THAT THE HEALTH SYSTEMS IN MOST COUNTRIES ARE UNDER-PREPARED TO COPE WITH ANY MAJOR HEALTH EMERGENCY. It has posed large-scale health challenges as millions of people (172,430,557 as on 3 June 2021) have been infected and lakhs of casualties (3,706,682 as on 3 June 2021) have occurred. The importance of public health does not need elucidation as the pandemic has revealed that inadequate attention to public health can have disastrous consequences on the masses. High-income countries such as Canada, Sweden and Germany, despite their exceptional public health systems, have had to struggle to contain the pandemic by experimenting with a number of uncertain alternatives. Understandably, the struggle for middle and low-income countries, having weak public healthcare systems, limited finances and large populations has been grim. India too, has been grappling with the pandemic and the ...

ACTUAL FEELING OF SOLVING REAL.......

to prepare you to face Aasma hai behad khoobsoorat, Rangaeen roshni aa rahi hai falak pe..... Sampoorn dharatal hai bheega, Jeevan ke pahar mein Ambar bhi mahak raha, Vasudha ke upvan mein Chintan mein hai dhara, Aas lagaye sunya se, Milogi mujhe ya rah jaogi chitiz mein...... IN ENGLISH The sky is very beautiful, Colorful light coming on the sky.... It's complete strike, It will be wet in the mountain of life, The sky is also fragrant(garden) in the wake of vasudha (earth), The river is in the thoughts. Hope you will meet sunya(sky) or you will remain in the chitiz(at the location where sky and earth will meet)............ SKY MEANS SOMEONE ELSE EARTH MEANS MYSELF.

VAGUENESS IN FEDERALISM......

Chhattisgarh Chief Minister Bhupesh Baghel and Rajasthan Chief Minister Ashok Gehlot on Friday wrote to Prime Minister Narendra Modi opposing the proposed amendments to the Indian Administrative Service (Cadre) Rules 1954. The proposed amendments will give overriding powers to the Union government to post All India Services (AIS) officers such as the IAS, the Indian Police Service and the Indian Forest Service (IFoS) to Central Ministries and departments without the State government’s nod. Mr. Baghel and Mr. Gehlot are second in line after West Bengal Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee to convey their opposition against the proposed amendments to Mr. Modi. Sense of ‘instability’ Mr. Baghel said the amendments could be misused and “a sense of instability and ambiguity is likely to arise among the officers of the All India Services, who are posted at various important posts in various districts and also at the State level.” He said the proposed amendment granted the Centra...

TOURISM IS THE NEED OF HOUR WHY ?

BIG QUESTION There is an awareness in the government that the absence of tourist infrastructure is a major reason why India loses out to Southeast Asia. India has a vast basket of living and diverse cultural traditions, Traditional expressions, intangible cultural heritage comprising masterpieces which need institutional support and encouragement with a view to addressing areas critical for the survival and propagation of these forms of cultural heritage. Preserving our heritage is enshrined as a Fundamental Duty in our Constitution . STEPS HAVE BEEN TAKEN Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently inaugurated the Kushinagar international airport. ● The airport in eastern UP, the third international airport in the election-bound state, will mainly service the Buddhist tourism circuit. ● The Sri Lankan Airlines flight carrying monks and dignitaries was the first to land at the airport. st Asian nations such as Indon...

first ever scientific bird atlas......

The Kerala Bird Atlas (KBA), the first-of-its-kind State-level bird atlas in India, has created solid baseline data about the distribution and abundance of bird species across all major habitats, giving an impetus to futuristic studies. Conducted as a citizen science-driven exercise with the participation of over 1,000 volunteers of the birdwatching community, the KBA has been prepared based on systematic surveys held twice over 60 days a year during the wet (July to September) and dry (January to March) seasons between 2015 and 2020. The KBA accounts for nearly three lakh records of 361 species, including 94 very rare species, 103 rare species, 110 common species, 44 very common species, and 10 most abundant species. “The KBA offers authentic, consistent and comparable data through random sampling from the geographical terrain split into nearly 4,000 grids. We are in the process of bringing out papers on interesting trends based on a scientific analysis of solid dat...

The Budget spells green shoots for agri-subsectors

At the time it was presented, and in the context of the Assembly elections in five States — now underway in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Manipur and Goa https://sites.google.com/view/insightsdev/home the Union Budget was expected to contain measures to boost consumption expenditure. But the Government chose instead to focus more on capital expenditure. There were no major announcements on agriculture or rural development. Given the recent turmoil as a result of the farmers’ protests and the repeal of the farm laws, this was a little surprising. However, a closer look at the Budget presents a different picture. Allotments, key subsectors It is important to look at the budgetary allocations for agriculture from the perspective of agricultural growth and farmers’ income. Agriculture has registered a robust performance during the COVID-19 pandemic and has clocked decent growth rates of 4.3% and 3.6% during 2019-20 and 2020-21. Growth is projected to be about 3.9% i...

MONEY LAUNDERING........The despotic nature of the PMLA

The draconian PMLA of 2002 has evolved as the Government’s “hatchet” law in recent years, considering the series of raids and arrests of politicians, their relatives, and activists, most of them who are critical of the ruling regime. The unease about the law has become so rife that a bunch of petitions filed by people across the country have questioned the almost blanket powers given to the ED through this law. The Act was enacted in a 2002 response to India’s global commitment (including the Vienna Convention) to combat the menace of money laundering, stemming from the trade of drugs and narcotics and the organised crime that goes with it. Lawyers argue that the PMLA is invoked against a political rival or a dissenter, because the “process is itself the punishment”. They point out that the ECIR, an equivalent of the FIR, is considered an “internal document” and not given to the accused. Which means that, pursuant to the registration of the ECIR, as the ED begins to...

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